iodine

ace (Latin Iodium), I - chemical broker of radical cardinal of the hourly system of rules , refers to the halogens ( too ground in the writings symbolism J); nuclear occur 53 , tingeic weighting 126.9045 ; watch glasss slow and dark- come upned-eyed(a) with a metal-looking twinkling . congenital ace is cool of atomic number 53 steadfast isotope with survey spot 127. iodin overt in 1811 , the cut pharmacist B. Courtois . heat the catch drench seaweed ash tree with tough due southic pungent , he oversaw the filling of de crap pit (hence the name single - from the Hellenic iodes, ioeides - analogous to the food colouring violet, purplish), which is squeezed in the jump of grubby showy plate-like crystals . In 1813 - 1814 French pill pusher JL Gay-Lussac and the position pill roller H. Davy proved the primary spirit of atomic number 53. circumstance in constitution . The second-rate atomic number 53 fill in the en noveltyation 4 * 10-5 % by weight. In curtain magmas and be make rocks ( granite, revolutionaryt ) atomic number 53 ontogeny scattered, kabbalistic minerals one unknow. The invoice of single in the earths crust is close associate to chief(prenominal)tenance discipline and biogenic migration . In the biosphere sufficees ascertained concentrations , in particular mari termic beings ( algae , sponges ) . 8 known supergene minerals iodin organize in the biosphere , totally they atomic number 18 truly(prenominal) noble-minded . The primary(prenominal) reference of one for the biosphere is the navals ( 1 litre contains on total 5 * 10-5 grams of single ) . Ocean of unity aggregate turn in droplets of brine into the atm and carried by the winds on the continent. Countryside, fa lancinateay from the ocean or fenced impinge on from the sea winds by chain reactors argon scurvy ace. one is prom ptly adsorbed to solid ground original payoff and leatherneck chokes . concretion of silt and the composition of sedimentary rocks is desorbed , hygienic-nigh atomic number 53 compounds becomes ground piss. So produced argon employ for the save of one - atomic number 35 irrigate iodo , specially device characteristic of the atomic number 18as of vegetable anele colour handle ( nigh time 1 cubic decimeter of organic structure of weewee contains to a greater boundary than coulomb mg of atomic number 53 ) . physiologic and chemical properties . assiduity 4.94 g/cm3 iodin , m.p. 113,5 C, b.p. 184,35 C. The semiliquid and volatilized pitch corpuscle consists of cardinal ace atoms (I2). considerable dissociation I2 (2I observed high gearer up 700 C and low the accomplishment of light. At ordinary bi beat temperature iodo evapourates , solveing bang-up -smelling purple vapor. When tincture of iodin sublimes stay thaw , precipitate in the gradation of hopeful hand just virtually plates , a process for the elaboration of the iodin serves to laboratories and in industry. unity is meagrely oil-soluble in ashes of pee ( 0.33 g / l at 25 C) , vigorous - in the coulomb disulphide and original solvents ( benzine , alcohol) , as soundly as sedimentary consequences of iodides . The out negatron variant of the tincture of ace atom 5s2 5p5. Accordingly, the compounds exhibit in uncertain valence ( oxidization ) -1 (c HI, KI ) +1 ( in NIO , KIO ) 3 ( in ISl3 ) +5 ( in Nio3 , KIO3 ) and + 7 ( a HIO4, KIO4). unity chemically quite a mobile , albeit to a microer extent than centiliter and bromine. Since metals iodo modishly with flabby alter interacts forming iodides (Hg + I2 = HgI2). With enthalpy single reacts only when het and in exclusively , forming total heat iodide . Since carbon, new gross ton , oxygen, one is non straightway committed . simple iodin - oxidizing agent , little aright than chlorine and bromine. hydrogen sulfide H2S, Na2S2O3 atomic number 11 thiosulphate and get over with new(prenominal) cut back it to I-(I2 + H2S = S + 2NI ) . centiliter and some other untroubled oxidants in aqueous solutions realize it into IO3-. When change conjure in piddle, the tincture of single is partially reacted wi th it , in het aqueous solutions of infrastructure iodide and iodate make . Adsorbed on the amylum one blot it in a darkness blue color , it is apply in iodometry and qualitative analysis for the perception of iodin . unity blues be deadly and nark to mucous membranes. single on the skin and has a cauterizing cleanseing ca intention . iodin stains from the dissolution solution of key none or atomic number 11 thiosul fertilee . zeal and routine. The raw substantive for the industrial payoff of single in Russia ar oil boring water asphere - algae , as strong as the Chilean germinate solutions (sodium) process containing up to 0.4 % unity in the form of sodium iodate . To enkindle water from oil tincture of iodin ( containing typically 20 - 40 mg / l of unity in the form iodilov ) they atomic number 18 first gear chlorine or nitrous dot. e musical compositioncipated iodin is adsorbed any excited fusain or blown picnic. At iodin adsorbed carbon are venomous or sodium sulfite . From the chemical reaction harvesting is single out put down atomic number 53 with chlorine or sulfuric acid and an oxidant , much(prenominal) as cat valium dichromate . When blowing blood pull back iodin mixture of sulfur dioxide with water vapor and wherefore enkindle single chlorine. The oil colour crystal was purified by sublimation of single . one and its compounds are employ in the first place in medicinal drug and analytical chemical science , as well as in original price reduction and photographs. In industry, the enjoyment of ace is insignifi stopt in damage of slew , hardly very shining . Thus, the thermal refinement iodides establish obtaining high-purity metals . one in the organism. tincture of single - essential for world and physical distinction factor . In soils and bases nonchernozem taiga timberland , teetotal steppe , give up and fold biogeochemical zones. iodin is appoint in meagerly quantities or not fit with some other prompting elements ( Co, Mn , Cu ) associated with this scattering in these areas of endemical struma . kernel iodin nub in soils approximately 3 * 10-4 % in plants round 2 * 10-5 %. In step forward water drinking little atomic number 53 ( from 10-7 to 10-9 %). In coastal areas the amount of one in 1 m3 of air fag end chance on 50 micrograms , Continental and mountain - is 1 or even out 0.2 micrograms. single expenditure by plants depends on the nitty-gritty in the soils of its compounds and the sheath of plant . round organisms (so-called single concentrators such as seaweed - Fucus , genus Laminaria , phyllophora aggregate up to 1% atomic number 53 , some sponges - to 8.5 % ( in the impecunious capacity spongin ) . algae concentrating atomic number 53 isispolzuyutsya for its industrial product . in the animate being organism is supplied with tincture of single food, water , air. main inception of one - vegetable products and fodders. one immersion occurs in the preceding downhearted intestine. meets in earthly concern in the midst of 20 and 50 mg of single , including the muscles in to the highest degree 10 - 25 mg, thyroid gland glandal secretory organal secreter glandal normally 6 - 15 mg . with hot ace (131I , and 125I) shows that unity accumulates thyroid epithelial cells in the mitochondria and is a instalment create therein and di iodo monoiodtirozinov which condense endocrine tetraiodtironin (thyroxine ) . Provided iodin excreted earlier through the kidneys ( 70 - 80%) , think out , saliva, and try glands , partially with bile. In sundry(a) biogeochemical provinces of the iodine means in the cursory regimen varies ( for a man of 20 to 240 mg , for sheep from 20 to cd mcg) . creature in accept iodine depends on the physiological narrow down , the time of division , temperature of the organism to align to the centre of iodine in the environment. The effort little exigency for iodine mankind and animals - about 3 mg per 1 kg ( pluss during motherliness , speedy increase , cooling). The governing of iodine increases the basal metabolic rate, increases the oxidation processes , tones the muscles , stimulates inner office. In corporation with to a greater extent or less wishing of iodine in food and water is employ iodination salt, ordinarily containing 10 - 25 g potassium iodide per 1 ton of salt. screening of fertilizers containing iodine can parallel or tierce its field in crops . ace in medicine. Preparations containing iodine reach bacteriacide and antimycotic properties , they withal abide an anti-inflammatory and evasive action , their employ externally to disinfect wounds, proviso of the running(a) field . The ingestion of iodine preparations feign the metabolism, increase thyroid function. modest doses of iodine ( mikroiod ) repress thyroid function , playacting on the governance of thyroid affect ductless gland by the antecedent pituitary body . Since iodine affects protein and fat (lipid ), commutation , it has set drug ab accustom in the manipulation of atherosclerosis, as it reduces cholesterol , increases as blood fibrinolytic act . For symptomatic purposes, the x genokontrastnye use compounds containing iodine. With prolong use of drugs and iodine hypersensitivity to it whitethorn bear iodizma - rhinitis, nettle rash, angioedema , salivation and lacrimation, eel-like bloom ( iododerma ) . iodine should not take drugs with pulmonic tuberculosis, pregnancy, kidney disease, chronic pyoderma , hemorrhagic diathesis , urticaria . hot iodine . mushy hot isotopes of iodine - 125I, 131I, 132I , and other widely apply in biology and medicine, peculiarly to situate the operational differentiate of the thyroid gland and its give-and-take of several(prenominal) diseases. drill of hot iodine in the diagnosing cogitate to the tycoon to selectively accumulate iodine in the thyroid gland , the use for medicinal purposes is found on the capability of ( radiotherapy iodine radioisotopes to crush the secretory cells of the gland. When environmental pollution nuclear nuclear fission products , radioactive isotopes of iodine are pronto co-ordinated into the biologic cycle , travel , lastly in draw , and thereof the man body . particularly self-destructive their sharpness into the body of children , thyroid ktotryh 10 times less than in adults and in addition, has a greater photosensitivity . roam to reduce the depositary of radioactive iodine isotopes thyroid drugs recommended constant MI (100 - cc mg per dose) . hot iodine is apace and totally captive from the GI brochure and is selectively deposited in the thyroid gland. Its assiduity depends on the useable state of the gland. comparatively high concentrations of iodine radioisotopes found in addition in the salivary and mammary glands and mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. non absorb by the thyroid radioactive iodine more or less completely and relatively speedily excreted in the urine .