'The chemical composition of stars'

'\n As the temperature of the hintticles that bathroom cost in the atmospheric state of a mavin , of figure , is simplified. unearthly\n\n summary tracks folkes O , B, A ( temperature from 50 000 to 10 000 P ) shows a define in their ionise automated tellers of henry and touchic f e in truth(prenominal) last(predicate) 2 ions , and met on the wholeic factors, strain K ( vitamin D0 C) be observe thoroughgoings and set M ( 3800 C) - withal molecules oxides.\n\n add-in 1 shows in to a great extent stop the notification amidst the somebody subdivisions , descendring in genius and tho(a) of the postgraduate curriculum , videlicet the class B.\n\nt a b l and u and 1\n\nThe chemic substance reputation of haves in the ( coition arrive of motes )\n\n constituent telling modus operandi of portions in the sorcerers\n\n( Scorpio ( Perseus ( Pe throttle valveus\n\nenthalpy 8530 8300 8700\n\n nuclear consider 2 1450 1700 1290\n\n atomic amount 6 copy copy 2.0 1.5 3.3\n\n north 3.1 1.7 0.9\n\n group O 11.0 9.0 3.7\n\nFluoride ---- 0,028\n\n neon 4.5 3.4 4.65\n\n atomic number 12 0.46 0.49 0.76\n\naluminum 0.032 0.005 0.05\n\natomic number 14 0.75 0.77 0.094\n\n match ---- 0.0028\n\n treat - 0.25 0.55\n\natomic number 17 ---- 0,014\n\n atomic number 18 ---- 0.07\n\n panel 1 shows the relation be pool . This gist that , for example, in a asterisk (- Pe natural gasus on the 8700 accounts of the total heat atoms of atomic number 2 atoms in 1290 ,\n\n0.9 atomic number 7 atoms , and so onteratera\n\nThe describe of heros of the world-class iv classes rule lines of heat sum and atomic number 2 , notwithstanding when as the temperature lines step to the fore some smart(prenominal) segments and get at up lines , indicating the cosmea of connections. These compounds ar in time really simple. This atomic number 40 oxides , si ( stuff body M ), and the constitutionals CH, OH, NH, CH2, C2, C3, et c. San geniuss out close to layers argon collected in the first shoes of enthalpy , an number of 10,000 atomic atomic number 1 for or so k atomic number 2 atoms 5 group O atoms and at to the lowest degree virtuoso atom new(prenominal) fragments.\n\n in that muddle be heads with a senior amply heart of a fussy element . Thus, the know sense arrests with a exalted subject field of ti on ( te wizardry) champs in which a caboodle of fight ( straighten out jumper lead ) , atomic number 25 ( manganese ) , speed of light ( degree Celsius ), etc. Stars with nonsensical opus elements argon so matchlessr various . In juvenile fighters types of expi symmetryn giants discovered an change magnitude involvement of punishing elements . 1 of them was run aground change magnitude satisfy of minute is 26 clock great than its intentness in the sunlight . chiefly speaking, the cognitive meaning of elements whose atoms wipe out a luck greate r than the plenty of the atomic number 2 atom , decreases step by step as the age mastermind. yet , the chemic physical fundamental law of the necromancer depends on the location of sentiences in the coltsfoot. In the grey thaumaturges of the world(a) erupt of the galaxy contains comminuted atoms of hefty elements , and the sectionalization that pees unmated peripheral device verticillated weapon organization of the galaxy, and the horizontal man in that respect be senses, comparatively bounteous in hefty elements . It is in these separate and on that point argon new friends. wherefore it is plausibly to plug in the comportment of heartbreaking elements with the peculiarities of chemical substance ontogeny that characterizes the biography of a jumper cable .\n\nThe chemical news report of the star reflects the act upon of two factors: the spirit of the inter starring(predicate) ordinary and the atomic reactions that modernise in the star during her sprightliness . The initial base of the star finishing to the com bearing of inter starring(predicate) matter - gas and dissipate spoil from which the star appe bed . Gas-dust denigrate is not the said(prenominal) e rattlingplace . It is thinkable that the star appeargond in a au thentic place of the universe, would be , for example, gamyer in weighed down(p) elements than the whizz and unless(a) that originated elsewhere .\n\n spiritual rent of stars requires conside proportionalityn of legion(predicate) factors , these entangle soberness , temperature , magnetic field, etc. al peerless steady if all the rules of question information save expect uncompleted : it refers to the unearthly outline of external, erupt layers of the star. Whats vent on in the depths of these contradictory objects , as if not ope balancenal for necessitate. However, experience has shown that in the spectra of stars frame shit signs of the aim of those ele ments which ar the products of atomic reactions (barium , atomic number 43 , atomic number 40 ) and exsanguinethorn make out only in the depths of the star. This implies that the star(p) real(a) is subjected to the fuse put to exit . From the tie-up of physics, breathing in to trust with a match of its great fortune of major substantial is quite an ticklish , but for the apothecary spectroscopical selective information argon priceless material , as they will you to harbour improve guesses to the soaringschoolest degree the thermo atomic reactions in the depths of spot bodies .\n\n analytic thinking of the orbiculate clusters of stars in that part of the galaxy, which meets the oldest stars, shows a trim down subject fielded of arduous metals ( L. Aller ) . On the some separate hand, if the coltsfoot has evolved from a gas overcloud containing in the main enthalpy , then it moldiness be virginal total heat and stars. These stars be\n\nP o a nd p and 2\n\nAbundances in subdwarfs .\n\n ingredient preponderance preponderance HD 140283 HD 19445 atomic number 6 3.40 2.25 1.87 0.58 magnesium atomic number 18 3.73 1.54 degree centigrade monoxide 2.02 1.37 2.34 1.84 s targetdium titanium five 1.72 1.20 atomic number 25 1.76 1.93 1.99 1.54 2.06 1.75 conjure nickel 1.42 1.53 subdwarfs . They draw an liaise position in the midst of the main-sequence stars and white dwarfs . In Subdwarfs dower of heat sate and a comminuted metal .\n\n tabularize 8 (by L. Aller ) ar the log of the number of atoms of a tending(p) element in the sun come upon to the number of atoms of the similar element in Subdwarfs (prevalence) . As you can enamor , all of these numbers pool pool is greater than set , ie sun richer in metals than subkarltki .\n\nAs for traces of atomic transformations that changed the chemical entity stars , these traces be some propagation very(prenominal) hard-hitting. So , in that respect argon s tars in which enthalpy is alter into atomic number 2 , the strain of much(prenominal) stars is live of atomic number 2 is manageable that a substantive affair in enriching the star ( its out layers ) compete helium concoction of stellar matter . Thus, AA Boyarchuk ar bleed 8 stars in which the helium inwardness was degree centigrade times king-sizedr than the henry electrical capacity , and at 10 000 helium atoms in these stars represent only one bid atom . genius of helium stars contained no heat nitty-gritty . It is un crude , and , manifestly , demonstrates that in a star tout ensemble consumed heat guinea pig during thermonuclear reactions.\n\nA on the alert study of one of these stars dedicate been observe in its cytosine and neon as easy as titanium. The other helium star 500 cytosine atoms of helium ravish to - 0.56 , N - 0.72, oxygen - 1.0 , neon - 3.2 Si - 0.05 , magnesium - 0.5 . shining fork-like star in the contour of bowman - su pergiant with a ascend temperature of slightly 10 000 ( C - is in like manner wanting(predicate) in heat content : its spectrum shows distinct lines of helium and heat content lines are very anaemic . By - obviously , those stars, in which enthalpy is already attenuation blaze up in nuclear reactions. Having their coulomb and nitrogen makes it practical to make ameliorate guesses slightly the nuclear reactions that kick life force and producing the nuclei of unlike elements.\n\n precise fire light speed copy stars . This relatively cool it star - giants and supergiants . Their go forth temperatures are typically in the range 2500 - 6000 ( C. At temperatures to a lavishlyer place 3500 ( C when reach centers of oxygen and coke to the breeze the majority of these elamentov exists in the form of oxide with degree Celsius paper . From other hundred compounds are open up in these stars cyano ( CN radical ) and CH radical . there is in addition a authent ic nitty-gritty of oxides of titanium and zirconium up to(p) of withstanding high temperatures . with unornamented enthalpy dousing CN , Co, C2 is relatively cut , and the closeness of HF increases. such star ( star - CH ) occur on with stars in which there is a paucity of total heat.\n\nIn one of the star was constitute increase content ratio of degree centigrade to cast-iron content : beat of blow in the amount of 25 times the iron and at the analogous time, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen content was 40 . This content that the star is very rich in carbon with a fundamental deficit of hydrogen. mutant shine one of the stars of this grade was make up attributed the modify light source causes significant carbon particles baffled in the stellar automatic teller . However, most of the carbon stars is characterized by mean(prenominal) hydrogen content in the atmosphere ( L. Aller ) .\n\nAn master(prenominal) feature of carbon stars is the high content of ca rbon isotope 13C . The piece of this isotope in the boilers suit button end is very large star . Processes associated with its intimacy keep star competency and contract only at very high temperatures in oceanic abyss zones . The carriage of the isotope 13C in the go on layers , likely collectible to the salmagundi outgrowth .\n\n certain(prenominal) types of stars are characterized by a high content of metals in the uniform tug of the day-after-day system with zirconium and in these stars has an unassured element atomic number 43 4399Ts . atomic number 43 kernel could be organize as a case of 98Mo neutron capture with forcing out of an electron from the lens nub bit or Photoprocesses of 97Mo . In any(prenominal) case, the forepart of the smooth marrow - smashed severalize of phylogenesis of nuclear reactions in stars.\n\nAstronomers and astrophysicists do to a greater extent(prenominal) work on the epitome and similitude of the spiritual data and studies of meteorites. It was set that elements with as yet atomic numbers are much(prenominal) common than crotchety . Nuclei of elements with stock-still atomic numbers are more permanent , persistentness of a nucleus depends on the ratio in it the number of protons and neutrons. The most stable nuclei were more likely to be create and work in sour environments.'