Intuition and Decision-Making Essay

This root word basic solelyy talks about intuition and go outing and takes into name the transcendent finality devising that the leading take into accounting system while reservation decisions where adequate knowledge is non avail qualified or where in that respect atomic emergence 18 epoch constraints. There are a passel of arguments regarding this intuitive decision qualification by leadinghip where some people argue that it should not be like that as they may ferment out to be wrong and former(a)s hold to the particular that at multiplication intuitions lead to the right decision as loss attractors confirm this efficacy to analyze all the available learning and confound out the decision on it along with victimization their past(a) experience and expertise.The paper go away premiere start by defining what in truth intuition is and what makes leaders to progress or prevent decision making utilize intuitions. Then the paper will take a leaders poin t of view regarding decision making and how they bring in account all the available information to incur up up with a decision. In the end, the report card will discriminate decisions made on intuitions with the decisions made upon logical ratiocination in raise to give a better knowledge to the readers regarding the two concepts and terminologies.Defining intelligence Starting with the report, we all know what decision making is, however, it will be helpful for us to know what exactly intuitions are on which leaders tend to make their decisions on. Intuitions are basically the top executive of a soulfulness to very judge or perceive an divert outcome without using reasoning and adequate information for that. The word is genuinely derived from a Latin word that means to look indoors and that is exactly what we are public lecture about in this report.While using intuitions, leaders are able to look into the matters, problems or situations without even making an effort t o gather or probe into the matter or its complexities (Aqor, 1986). With intuition, leaders actually tend to retard into the thickness of the surface reality through their gutt-feeling, a feeling from inside that may be based on their past experience, a attention based interpretation or the actual leadership quality in their spirit. What gains or prevent leaders from using intuitionsMoving on, as we bind realized that intuitions are feelings, emotions or responses that are based on your take in abilities, thus, it is not continuously true that they are right, they earth-closet also be wrong. A leader may be full in doing so in a lot number of instances entirely still, he is not sure whether his next intuitive decision will actually lead to the same positive results. Every important matter has its own requirements to ebb risks and probing into complexities, thus for that purpose leaders do need appropriate information in order to come up with their decisions.However, many leaders fear this because of the fact that in that location personal slash in word form of their previous good or bad experience to a uniform problem mickle actually influence their decision to a considerable extent. This personal bias or personal judgment that we are public lecture about is basically based on personal abilities or past experiences and has very less to do with analyzing the current information that is available (Williams, 2001). Thus, leaders do fear with their intuitive decision making that it can actually make them make a wrong decision.On the some other hand, there are instances, where leaders suck up to take charge of the matter and make decisions on just a small amount of information or at times no information. These are situations where there time and option constraints and decisions drive to be interpreted. There, the best thing a leader can do to save time and resources in gathering all the pertinent information and risk factors is to use intuit ive decision making approach.A leader is a qualified team member who is chosen because of his ability to look at things with a broader and a next level approximation process, thus team members also tend to conform with their this ability and promote them to take such decision. An example of such decisions can be taken as sales predictions after a natural calamity or a sudden bead in the stock market. Although, the demand would fall due to these circumstances, but it might be the other way band for a leader who is sounding at the matter with a polar approach using his intuitive decision making ability.Role of decision-making to a leaders position Moreover, a leader is the person who is actually held responsible for all the actions of his team. His team basically conforms to his decisions and relies on his orders and directions because they also induce him as more capable in decision making and his abilities to shed light on problems and handle situations. Thus, with all this r esponsibility, a leader has to make sure that his decisions are correct and the best interest of the project and the team he is looking after.Any false decision can cost him and his team a failure of project. When we talk in management terms, we see that one thing that is always argued is the fact that decisions made upon inadequate information are in the main wrong. However, when we look into the practical world of leaders, can we say that leaders always have the right amount of information at the right time and at the right place? Obviously not is the answer to this headland because of the fact that if all information would have been made available to the team, indeed there was no need of a leader to make decisions.In that case just a checker or manager would have done the job of a leader (Aqor, 1986). But, when we look at the decision making role of a leader, he has to make a puffy number of decisions everyday for which he might not have all the information and which wont all ow him much time to recollect upon them otherwise he will have to compromise all other important things that he and his team has to complete. A leader, as we have already discussed is chosen because of his special abilities, and this intuitive decision making skills is a region of them.Although on the surface we might say that while intuitively making decisions, a leader does not takes into account all the information, but he is actually thinking with a different angle and approach using his abilities that other team members cannot(Bealer,1998). Difference between decisions made with logical reasoning and decisions made with intuition In the last part of this report we will now discuss the difference between logical decision making and intuitive decision making.Logical decision making involves a amply level of reasoning and data that is analyzed in order to come up with a decision. this approach is mostly advocated by most of the critics because of the fact that through this type of decision making, a leader tends to take into account and mitigate a large number of threats and risks which he might not through intuitive decision making. However, this type of a decision making approach may require more time and resources to come up with the decision (Williams, 2001). alike these decisions are mostly based on the hypothetical knowledge and proven facts.For example, as we have seen in a number of stock markets that when people with logical reasoning were un-holding their stocks with losses, there were some others as well who were actually earning by using their intuitive knowledge. On the other hand, as we have discussed above that while making intuitive decisions, a leader might not take much time to make those decisions as they are usually made in circumstances where there are time constraints. Moreover, a leader uses his abilities to reconcile his past experiences and trends to come up with the decision rather than core number, figures and theoretical know ledge only.another(prenominal) major difference between the two is that both the types of decisions can actually go in the opposite directions as well as we have already discussed above in the stock market example(Giannini & Rhodes,1978).Conclusion Thus, the report will conclude the discussion with an argument that no one can actually say whether intuitive decision making is good or bad. It all depends on the situation. Yes, it is true that when there is adequate time and resources, the leader should also take into account the other approaches as well but in constraints of time, a leader may take these decisions depending on his abilities.Also we cannot also say which one of the two types of decision making is good or bad for the project because it again depends on the situation that the administration is in. however, as we know that intuitive decision making involves personal bias of leaders as well and may also reflect their personality traits such as risk taker or risk averse, i t is recommended that whenever possible, a leader should take into account the logical reasoning approach and compare it with his intuitive perspective before taking any decision as it might make him realize a number of risks that he may have ignored in the first thought.

Automobile and Toyota Company Essay

1. Toyota has built a huge manufacturing company that throne formulate millions of cars each year for a wide variety of consumers. wherefore was it able to grow so much larger than any some other auto manufacturer?The Toyota lodge grow so much bigger than any other auto manufacture beca apply of the act according to gustatory perception of the node Market segment. Toyota Company produce large range of subcompacts to lavishness and sports vehicles to SUVs, trucks, minivans, and buses. They segment their point of intersection according to aim of customer. They create their merchandise segment. They produce Scion car that is target the teenage and it becomes famous among the teenage.2. Has Toyota done the right intimacy by manufacturing a car brand for e actuallyone? Why or wherefore not?I think Toyota Company done the right intimacy by manufacturing a car brand for e genuinelyone. They manufacture a rightfully great range of exciting sore cars which will open messs e yes and minds. They analyze what a customer neediness and get around the same feature automobile in the comparable price. They divide their market segment. In the market there are variant people with different perception. Toyota prove they produce wide variety of the auto that will use by different types of customer. They try to condition the auto according to the customer perception. They want to satisfy each customer. The price range of the Toyota Company is lies very expensive to inexpensive. Toyota automobile are in the reach of middle manikin to high class such that the user of the Toyota automobile are very much higher than other automobile company. Toyota understands that each country defines ne plus ultra differently.3. Did Toyota grow too quickly as Toyota suggested? What should the company do all over thenext year, 5 years, or 10 years? How can growing companies lift quality problems in the future?Toyota Company grows too quickly as their suggested. Toyota is integ rating its assembly plants around the world into a single teras network. They do customize on the car according to the need of the customer. Toyotas need to keep their products selection and quality shining to their competition. Toyota company are become one of the successful manufacturing company due(p) totheir consistent quality. They have to verify their performance quality. Whether they customized the car or develop new model according to customer need they need to hold up same core quality all around the world. They need to take reliability on automobile. The same superior quality and dependable should be maintaining. The design of the automobile should be unique and while developing new model design car they need to maintain core veridical as same.They need to customize regular according to the customer. They need to maintain extraordinary look for each model. Such that it will look very distinctive than competitor. They need to produce high quality and high detail des ign automobile. They need to give services after the purchasing the product and more ever they have to delivery every item in the time. They need to create more value of automobile by good-looking some of the discount or either by various services. They need to provide e-support for their customer and they need to update their information through the media. As we know people perfection are different according to the geographic area. A great product by itself is not enough so the Toyota need to advertise themselves according to customer perfection at that place. They need to make market strategy differently in different country. The Toyota Company is giving Guaranteed Auto Protection to their customer. They need to keep it up.

Refugee Blues and Disabled Comparison Essay

The content of war and the loss of human t wholeness has had a deep influence on poetry of the first half of the 20th century. Many poets from around the world had felt the direct trespass of earth-shattering wars and went on to express their opinions through their works. It was during war period eras that the verses Disabled and Refugee Blues were scripted by Wilfred Owen and W.H. Auden respectively. Both of the given up war poems be considered to be some of the or so significant pieces of poetry of their time and the fact that they were written during times of world(a) conflict explains their brutal h match slightsty, grim atmospheres and the poets desire to convey twain hurt and sadness through their interpreted image of war. Disabled was written by Wilfred Owen when he was in England to recover from war trauma. The sur light upon gives a glimpse of what the poem is close a lonely pass agonistic to be amputated. Although it is just now a single piece of his string of anti-war poems, Disabled is arguably one of his almost effective and significant works. The context of the poem takes beam in Britain during its involvement in the Great struggle and tells a tier of a disabled (hence the title) pass who resides in a hospital.To shock the readers, Owen reveals that the soldier is actually a young adolescent, aged 17-19, who returning from the Western Front, was forced to have got his limbs amputated. In contrast, Refugee Blues is a poeticalal work of W.H. Auden in 1939 the year World War Two broke come out of the closet. The name of the title is a reference to an old musical genre blues. They were originally sang by early African slaves on American soil. The songs of the particular genre were mostly about sadness and depression. This, combined with the term refugee, create an arouse title, that is useful to identify what type of person is the protagonist and why the construction of the poem is reminiscent of a (blues) song. Although comp ard to Disabled it is passably less dark in terms of tone and atmosphere, the second (or tierce) development of the poem should persuade most readers that the horrors of war are actually very prominent and are visual aspectn through the terrified eyes of an innocent citizen. The story deep down tells about a German Jew and his wife, both taking numerous attempts to escape their fatherland in hopes for salvation as their manner be occurs that of downward spiral quest the rise of the fascist regime. Although the poets Wilfred Owen and W.H. Auden express their attitudes differently, it can be considered that both phonation their opinion on the same(p) side of the arguement.As said above, both Disabled and Refugee Blues share anti-war ideals, however they refer to different issues. This is most probably because, the ii poems were written during different political eras, the Great War and the Second World War. Disabled, written in 1917, addresses the brutality go thro ugh by British soldiers on the Western Front and how the youth was fooled into volunteering by the older members of the nations upper class who did nonhing exclusively scrutinized them, living in their safe, comfortable English homes while their sons died in the name of patriotism. Nonetheless, Owens poetry expands on that assign to show that it is not only old men who do the trickery, scarcely it is also public people who encourage and finally, let down the soldiers. An pillowcase of that would be Aye, that was it, to satisfy the giddy jilts. This only us what led the disabled trooper to his tragedy, and to make his existence in this world even more depressing and sad, Owen goes on with How cold and late it is Why dont they come? The readers are shown that after the war ends, whether the soldier is dead or alive, at that place wont be much in force(p) left to him, as their somewhat ignorant society decides to abandon the men who put their lives on stake for their flag.P erhaps this serves to state that true patriotism is ultimately unavailing and obsolete, or that no case what form it takes, it does more harm than true by painting a false image of air in peoples minds. It can be said that Disabled is written to show how soldiers adapt to a wartime/post-war society. The poem is a reflection of Owens surroundings while in fighting in France and resting at the multitude hospital in England. A widely-considered opinion that soldiers are state-sponsored killers is organism rancid down by the poet to show how these young, inexperienced and unwilling men are being put in position that is a matter of life and death, from which, most who manage to return are either scarred mentally or broken physically. Looking at the language of the poem, Owens boilersuit attitude can be interpreted as more pessimistic, as he leaves a rather sour taste about the subject of war. W.O. tries to convince the readers that the war does not necessarily make one a hero, and neither does it bring true pride to combatants, rather using it to crotchet the men to their death.In fact, if on that pinnacle was anyone to feel a sense datum of glory or pride, it would be those who didnt participate or lacked the courage to smell the horrific effects of war, which is the idea Wilfred was trying to bring across to prospective generations. It should be noted that this poem, among his many others, was written during the apprise period intermediate Owens deployments to France, which gives it a feeling of raw energy that came from his recently-seen experiences at the front, which resulted in the brutal honesty of the poem. Whereas W.O. wrote about volunteers and how they were ignored and exploited by citizens, Auden fronts to be more concerned about innocent people rather than troops, specifically minorities, almost as if Refugee Blues is the flip-side of Disabled. There is only one occasion in the entire poem where the soldiers (who serve the regime) appear at the very end. Their primary purpose there was to destroy any sense of optimism left in the poem.The quote to hold still for that is Ten thousand soldiers marched to and fro smell for you and me, my dear The fact that none of the soldiers were pictured or werent given any personal development is a rather bland suit by Auden (in my opinion, of course) because it is well known that despite a high morale, there were members of the Wehrmacht who did not see eye-to-eye to Hitler or his policies and were renegades and deserters. Therefore, it is implied that Auden saw all German soldiers in spite of appearance the same group anti-Semitists. On the other hand, he had a beneficial arguement for the plight of refugees, after all, they were German nationals no matter their religion/ethinity, but were hunted down anyways. This shows how inhumanee the regime was to their countrymen and allows the reader to understand that racial and religious topics could be used to kill innocents, rather than to promote peace. Regarding attitudes, the 2 poets ultimately bring the same message they wished to bring an end to the wars that go around around their lives. Differences, however, should be noted amidst the two Owen displays his attitude rather clearly, criticizing the Great War at every possible turn literally and figuratively.This is because of his prior military history and the fact that he was fooled into serving by being a staunch supporter of his country he should have known better. W.H. Auden is indifferent to what happens to the troops, instead, he salves from a civilians point of view to represent their agony. There is still some optimism in him, however. For utilisation in the quotation But we are still alive my dear, we are still alive. He isnt as harsh a critic of war as Owen due the fact that the latter served as a Sergeant and went through though times such as defending trenches from bombings and seeing his men die, all experienced first-hand. An other drive could be that the Second World War was erect beginning when the poem was written (1939) and its chief(prenominal) focus was on the Holocaust. Therefore the comparing between the two should not be about war, but about inhuman conditions and about betrayal Jews in Refugee Blues and soldiers in Disabled.Nevertheless, it shouldnt be assumed that Auden wasnt exposed to war he was a civilian asset for the Republic during the Spanish Civil War as well as travelling to China during their war with Japan to write A Journey to War. Poems Disabled and Refugee Blues employ slightly different structures. Disabled is written in regular stanzas consisting of six to eighter berths each. The stanzas are used by the poet to tell a biography that takes time in other(prenominal), present and rising. Every stanza switches between past and present to describe his life in a before and after scenario. This way of poetic storytelling is quite effective, because in this case it allows u s to see how far fortify conflicts and wars evolve average individuals. The last stanza is written in a future tense in order to show what it (future) would bring to the disabled veterinarians life. It can be said that not much good will come out of it. In a way, Owen makes the atmosphere seem somewhat dystopian, seeing how there was very little reason to ride out to live for that soldier, and how his future is already predicted and how he will have to come out regulations set by others for doing nothing, other than serving his country.This makes it shocking, considering WWI happened before. Another noticeable trait within the structure of Disabled is that it contains a stanza that stands out from the norm. This referred stanza is used to show that there actually were people who could show a sense of appreciation, for case a man in line 2. This is demonstrated in the lines completely a solemn man who brought him fruitsThanked him.. This quotation is important because Owen emb races the fact that among the spoiled, hypocritical and ungrateful citizens, there were certain individuals who remained committed and loyal to their heroes no matter how ugly the war was going. This stanza lasts only three lines to reflect on the point that the soldiers life only had very rare and brief moments of hope and that the rest of his time in the institution was boring and agonizing, just like the length of the poem.Regarding rhyming, Disabled is inconsistent in that aspect, as it lacks a rhyming pattern to unify and join the stanzas together. For practice the first stanza rhymes as A,B,A,C,B,C while the second stanza is A,B,C,B,C,D,B. Perhaps the inconsistency of the rhyme is intended to represent either the volatile nature of war or the uncertainty regarding the soldiers future, although the latter is an unlikely theory. With Refugee Blues, the structure of the poem is slightly simple Auden wrote it as a recreation of blues song. Every stanza within the poem consists of three lines. The poems narrative goes within a chronological order, although the stanzas all represent flashbacks, it is most likely that they are in order. Audens poem follows a simple rhyming pattern A,A,B for most of the time.At the end of each stanza, there is a third line which acts as a summary for the two previous lines and uses repetition. All third lines in the poem include the words my dear to represent a long-lasting hope within the hopeless atmosphere. One of the similarities between the structures of the two poems is that both Refugee Blues and Disabled contain at least one stanza which is three lines in length, albeit for different reasons Owen wrote it as unique stanza to stand out since it is of lighter tone than the rest of the poem, while Auden constructed his poem to contain no more than three lines for the sake of structuring it as a blues song. On the other hand, there are much more contrasts between the two, for example R.B. rhymes most of the time, thanks to its organized structure the fact that each stanza is only three line long helps maintain the pacing while reading it and therefore, the words rhyme as they should. Disabled is less restrictive and relies less on rhyming.Owens piece contains average stanzas with six to eight lines in length. Lastly the other noticeable difference is that Refugee Blues has a narrative that follows a chronological order, while W.O.s poem switches between past and present with each stanza. Both poets W.H. Auden and Wilfred Owen use an expansive variety of different language techniques, such as metaphors, prosopopoeia, senses, repetition and similes. Most notably, both poems device characteristic similes and repetition. In Disabled, similes are used to create an irrational comparison between the protagonist and unrelated, vile, almost animalistic (to display how low he had sank on a social level) things, in this case, disease. A prime example of that would be the quotation All of them touch him li ke some featherbed disease.This quote conveys the poets feelings towards how many war veterans were undeservingly alienated from their society. Alternatively, W.H. Auden uses the same technique to compare the extent of liberty given to an animal (fish) and a sub-human (as believed by fascists). To show the misery the Jews had to face, this point is given directly from the protagonist. As shown in the subsequent lines Saw the fish swimming as if they were barren. From here we can observe the fact that the poems main characters the Jewish refugees had little to no rights at all as their agony made them wish to live as animals fish in the harbour.Although this being a somewhat far-fetched attempt, it can be possible to infer that Auden whitethorn hold the value of throw in the toweldom as above of civilization and progress, since it could be assumed that the characters would much rather live a primitive, yet free life than holding a place within an established society. It is ultim ately clear that average, innocent citizens, as well as front-line soldiers had their lives greatly bear on (in a negative way) by unnecessary wars which doomed their future, and although subtle, similes are a powerful way to depict their struggles. UNFINISHED(repetition/improve similes and do comparison/personification/senses/metaphors)

Dessler Chapter Essay

1) Which Amendment to the U. S. writing states that no somebody sh any be deprived of smell, liberty, or property, without c all(a)(prenominal)able change of the law? A) First Amendment B) Fifth Amendment C) Tenth Amendment D) thirteenth Amendment E) Fourteenth Amendment tell B score The Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution (ratified in 1791) states that no person shall be deprived of smell, liberty, or property, without due process of the law. The thirteenth Amendment (1865) outlaw slavery, and hooks affirm held that it bars racial inconsistency. Diff 2Page ref 32 Chapter 2 aim 1 dexterity construct2) The ________ Amendment to the U. S. Constitution outlawed slavery, and judicatures live with held that it bars racial discrimination. A) First B) Fifth C) Tenth D) ordinal E) Fourteenth get along D strain relationship The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) outlawed slavery, and courts have held that it bars racial discrimination. The Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Const itution (ratified in 1791) states that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law. Diff 2Page referee 32 Chapter 2 bearing 1 learning model 3) The 13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution look ates the subject of ________.A) due process B) slavery C) private property D) trial run by jury E) womens seriouss solution B bill The 13th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution abolished slavery and courts have held that it bars racial discrimination. The 5th Amendment addresses due process, and the 6th Amendment needs a trial by jury. Diff 2Page reviewer 32 Chapter 2 target argona 1 dexterity construct 4) The ________ gives all persons the same justifiedly to make and enforce contr turnings and to benefit from the laws of the land. A) Fifth Amendment B) obliging Rights make for of 1866 C) human activity septenary of the 1964 well-mannered Rights flirt D) cultured Rights behave of 1991E) Thirteenth Amendment resoluteness B r endering The Civil Rights do of 1866 gives all persons the same right to make and enforce contracts and to benefit from U. S. laws. The Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution (ratified in 1791) states that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law. The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) outlawed slavery, and courts have held that it bars racial discrimination. rubric VII of the 1964 Civil Rights deport states that employers croup non distract based on race, color, religion, provoke, or depicted object origin. Diff 2Page ref 32Chapter 2 documental 1 adroitness Concept 5) call VII of the 1964 Civil Rights figure explicitly prohibits employers from discrimination based on all of the followers characteristics debar ________. A) race B) religion C) color D) inner orientation E) national origin coif D Explanation deed VII of the 1964 Civil Rights comprise states that an employer piece of tailnot discriminate based on race, col or, religion, sex, or national origin. call VII bars discrimination on the bulge of virtually employers two overt and private with 15 or to a greater extent employees. informal orientation is not directly addressed under the law.Diff 1Page reader 32 Chapter 2 objective lens 1 accomplishment Concept 6) fit to Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights fleck, which of the spare-time activity employers would be de jure allowed to food waste employment to an individual based on race, religion, or sex? A) a state agency with 65 employees B) a medical office with 25 employees C) a local restaurant with 10 employees D) a de exposement line with 100 employees E) a public school with 30 employees repartee C Explanation Title VII bars discrimination on the part of most employers, including all public or private employers of 15 or much persons.It in like manner covers all private and public educational institutions, the federal official government, and state and local governments. A business with fewer than 15 employees would licitly be allowed to refuse employment based on race, religion, sex, or national origin. Diff 2Page reader 32 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill drill 7) Which statute law was responsible for the creation of the tint set Opportunity missionary post? A) 13th Amendment B) fair to middling expect Act of 1963 C) Civil Rights Act of 1866 D) decision maker Orders 11246 and 11375 E) Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act Answer EExplanation Title VII established the Equal role Opportunity committal (EEOC) to administer and enforce the Civil Rights law at grow. The commission itself consists of 5 divisions appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. executive director Orders 11246 and 11375 established the occasion of Federal bundle Compliance Programs. Diff 2Page reviewer 32 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 8) The EEOC was initially established to investigate complaints intimately ________. A) trade discrimination B) unfair business practices C) versed agony in schools D) structural accommodations for incapacitate peopleE) unresolvedime reconcilements for labor union members Answer A Explanation Title VII established the Equal concern Opportunity committal (EEOC) to administer and enforce the Civil Rights law at study. The EEOC receives and investigates production line discrimination complaints from aggrieved individuals. Diff 2Page reviewer 32 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 9) How many members serve on the Equal Employment Opportunity mission? A) 3 B) 5 C) 9 D) 10 E) 12 Answer B Explanation The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) consists of basketball team members appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate.Each member serves a 5-year term. Diff 1Page ref 32 Chapter 1 Objective 1 Skill Concept 10) Which of the spare-time activity appoints the members of the EEOC? A) U. S. Congress B) U. S. Supreme romance C) President of the linked States D) segment of Justice E) American voters Answer C Explanation The EEOC consists of five members appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the Senate. Each member serves a 5-year term. Diff 1Page reviewer 32 Chapter 1 Objective 1 Skill Concept 11) Which of the following requires equal repair for equal work envisionless of sex? A) Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights ActB) Equal wear Act of 1963 C) Executive Order 11246 D) profits Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 E) Civil Rights Act of 1991 Answer B Explanation chthonian the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (amended in 1972), it is felonious to discriminate in pay on the base of operations of sex when cables involve equal work require a standardized skills, effort, and responsibility and argon effected under similar working conditions. Diff 1Page Ref 33 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 12) When companies hire ________, they take steps to eliminate the present effects of past discriminatio n. A) positive implement B) executive orders C) rehabilitation actionD) civil rights guidelines E) equal pay rules Answer A Explanation Affirmative action refers to steps that are taken for the routine of eliminating the present effects of past discrimination. The Equal Pay Act of 1963 requires employers to pay equal pay for equal work, and the Vocational reclamation Act of 1973 requires employers with federal contracts of more than $2,500 to take affirmative action in employing disabled persons. Diff 1Page Ref 33 Chapter 1 Objective 1 Skill Concept 13) Which of the following is responsible for implementing Executive Orders 11246 and 11375 that were is served by the Johnson administration?A) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission B) Pension Benefits Guarantee Corporation C) occupational Safety and Health Administration D) National Labor dealings age E) Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs Answer E Explanation The Johnson administration (19631969) issued Executive Or ders 11246 and 11375 which didnt just ban discrimination unless also required that government contractors with contracts of over $50,000 and 50 or more employees take affirmative action to ensure employment hazard for those who may have suffered past discrimination.These orders also established the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) to implement the orders and ensure compliance. Diff 1Page Ref 33 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 14) Which of the following factor outs is non an acceptable basis for different pay for equal work under the Equal Pay Act of 1963? A) merit B) higher status C) familiar activity D) output quality E) production quantity Answer CExplanation Under the Equal Pay Act of 1963 (amended in 1972), it is unlawful to discriminate in pay on the basis of sex when jobs involve equal work require equivalent skills, effort, and responsibility and are performed under similar working conditions. Pay differences derived from seniority systems, m erit systems, and systems that measure earnings by production quantity or quality or from any factor separate than sex do not violate the act. Diff 2Page Ref 33 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 15) Paul is a 49-year-old American of Anglo-Saxon descent. What legislation is most likely intended to protect Paul from discrimination?A) Executive Order 11375 B) Equal Pay Act of 1963 C) Executive Order 11246 D) hop on Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 E) Thirteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution Answer D Explanation The season Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) made it unlawful to discriminate against employees or applicants who are among 40 and 65 years of age. Executive Orders 11246 and 11375 require government contractors to take affirmative action, the 13th Amendment barred slavery, and the Equal Pay Act made it unlawful to discriminate in pay based on the employees gender.Diff 2Page Ref 33 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Application 16) jibe to the Age Dis crimination in Employment Act of 1967, it is unlawful to ________. A) sue an employer for age-based pay B) fire older employees for insubordination C) require employees to retire at age 65 D) allow juries to determine age discrimination E) trumpow a minimum age for employees Answer C Explanation The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA) made it unlawful to discriminate against employees or applicants who are between 40 and 65 years of age. sequent amendments eliminated the age cap, effectively ending most mandatory retirement at age 65. The ADEA allows jury trials. Diff 2Page Ref 33 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 17) The ________ requires certain federal contractors to take affirmative action for disabled persons. A) Equal Pay Act B) Vocational Rehabilitation Act C) Age Discrimination in Employment Act D) Americans with Disabilities Act E) Civil Rights Act Answer B Explanation The Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 requires employers with federal contracts of more than $2,500 to take affirmative action in employing disabled persons.It does not require hiring un strung-out people. It does require an employer to take steps to intromit a disabled worker unless doing so imposes an undue hardship on the employer, which is addressed by the ADA. Diff 1Page Ref 33 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 18) Which of the following refers to highly recommended procedures issued by federal agencies regarding employee alternative, interpret keeping, and preemployment inquiries? A) job specifications B) employment metrics C) process charts D) uniform guidelines E) applicant bring in systems Answer DExplanation Uniform guidelines are issued by federal agencies charged with ensuring compliance with equal employment federal legislation explaining recommended employer procedures in detail. They come out forth highly recommended procedures regarding things like employee selection, record keeping, and preemployment inquiries. Diff 1Page Ref 34 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 19) Which of the following does non take part in the issuance of uniform guidelines? A) EEOC B) Department of Labor C) remedy Business Bureau D) Department of Justice E) Civil serve CommissionAnswer C Explanation The EEOC, Civil Service Commission, Department of Labor, and Department of Justice together issued uniform guidelines. These set forth highly recommended procedures regarding things like employee selection, record keeping, and preemployment inquiries. The Better Business Bureau is not involved in issuing uniform guidelines. Diff 1Page Ref 34 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 20) Uniform guidelines from the EEOC are recommended for employers to use in matters regarding all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) employee selectionB) record keeping C) preemployment inquiries D) knowledgeable curse E) psychological exam Answer E Explanation The EEOC, Civil Service Commission, Department of Labor, and Department of Justice together issue uniform guidelines. These set forth highly recommended procedures regarding things like employee selection, record keeping, sexual torment, and preemployment inquiries. The American psychogenic Association has its own non-legally binding Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Diff 2Page Ref 34 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept21) Which Supreme speak to causa was utilise to get unfair discrimination in coincidence with EEO laws? A) Buckley v. Valeo B) Brown v. Board of Education C) Griggs v. Duke queen family D) West bound Hotel Co. v. Parrish E) Abington School District v. Schempp Answer C Explanation Griggs v. Duke Power play along was a landmark Supreme tourist court case used to define unfair discrimination as put forth in EEO laws much(prenominal) as Title VII. The Court ruled that employment practices must be job think and that discrimination does not have to be overt to be illegal. Brown v.Board of Education held that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. Choices A, D, and E were not cases related to EEO laws. Diff 2Page Ref 34 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 22) In Griggs v. Duke Power Company, Griggs sued the power confederation because it required coal handlers to be high school graduates. The Supreme Court ruled in upgrade of Griggs because ________. A) high school diplomas were not related to success as a coal handler B) Duke Power Company intentionally discriminated based on race C) no business indispensability existed for Duke Power CompanyD) Title VII forbids job testing E) Griggs held a GED Answer A Explanation The Court ruled in favor of Griggs because having a high school diploma was not pertinent to the job of coal handler. The Court held that an employment practice must be job related if it has an unequal impact on members of a protect level. Diff 2Page Ref 34 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 23) If a person is in a protected class, he or she is protected by which of the following? A) Depar tment of Labor guidelines B) Sarbanes-Oxley Act C) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act D) Consumer Protection ActE) National Labor Relations Board Answer C Explanation The term protected class refers to persons much(prenominal) as minorities and women who are protected by equal opportunity laws, including Title VII. Choices A, B, D, and E are not equal opportunity laws. Diff 1Page Ref 34 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 24) entirely of the following are principles established by Griggs v. Duke Power Company EXCEPT ________. A) hinderance of check is on the employer B) performance standards should be unambiguous C) business necessity is a defense for an existing program D) employment selection practices must be job relatedE) discrimination does not have to be overt to be illegal Answer B Explanation The Court ruled in Griggs v. Duke Power Company that the gist of proof is on the employer to show that a hiring practice such(prenominal) as testing is job related. The Court also ruled that business necessity is the defense for any existing program that has unbecoming impact and that discrimination does not have to be overt to be illegal. The case did not address performance standards. Diff 3Page Ref 34-35 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 25) Under the principles established by Griggs v.Duke Power Company, ________ can be used as a defense for any existing program that has indecent impact. A) occupational qualification B) business necessity C) affirmative action D) core group of proof E) fair in form Answer B Explanation Business necessity is the defense for any existing program that has adverse impact fit in to Griggs. The court did not define business necessity. Diff 2Page Ref 35 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 26) Which court case provided details regarding how employers could validate the relationship between top tools and job performance?A) West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish B) Albemarle Paper Company v. Moody C) Griggs v. Duke Power Company D) Burlington Industries v. Ellerth E) Ward Cove v. Atonio Answer B Explanation In the Albemarle case, the Court provided more details on how employers could cut that tests or other screening tools relate to job performance. For example, the Court said that if an employer wants to test candidates for a job, thus the employer should first clearly document and understand the jobs duties and responsibilities. Diff 2Page Ref 35 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept27) Under the Civil Rights Act of 1991, once a complainant shows disparate impact, who has the burden of proving that the challenged practice is job related? A) plaintiff B) employee C) employer D) judge E) EEOC Answer C Explanation harmonize to the Civil Rights Act of 1991, once an aggrieved applicant or employee demonstrates that an employment practice (such as must lift 100 pounds) has a disparate (or adverse) impact on a particular group, so the burden of proof shifts to the employer, who must show that the challenged prac tice is job related. Diff 1Page Ref 36 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept28) check to the Civil Rights Act of 1991, an employee who claims intentional discrimination can sue for all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) fanny pay B) job reinstatement C) punitive insurance D) compensatory damages E) substantive consolidation Answer E Explanation harmonize to the Civil Rights Act of 1991, an employee who claims intentional discrimination can sue for back pay, attorneys fees, court costs, job reinstatement, punitive damages, and compensatory damages. Substantive consolidation is a legal term referring to debt consolidation. Diff 2Page Ref 36 Chapter 2 Objective 1Skill Concept 29) Race, color, religion, sex, or national origin is a motivating factor in a termination, but the employee would have been terminated for failure to perform anyway. Which of the following most likely exists in this situation? A) mixed actor B) business necessity C) disparate impact D) liability defense E) bu rden of proof Answer A Explanation An unlawful employment practice is established when the complaining party demonstrates that race, color, religion, sex, or national origin was a motivating factor for any employment practice, even though other factors also motivated the practice.Some employers in so-called mixed designer cases had taken the position that even though their actions were discriminatory, other factors like the employees dubious behavior made the job action acceptable. Under CRA 1991, an employer cannot deflect liability by proving it would have taken the same actionsuch as terminating someoneeven without the discriminatory motive. Diff 3Page Ref 36 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Application 30) Which of the following requires employers to make fair accommodations for disabled employees? A) Civil Rights Act of 1991 B) Equal Pay Act of 1963C) Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 D) Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 E) Disability Discrimination in Employment Act of 1 967 Answer C Explanation The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 prohibits employment discrimination against qualified disabled individuals. It also says employers must make sightly accommodations for corporal or kind limitations unless doing so imposes an undue hardship on the business. Diff 1Page Ref 36 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 31) According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, which of the following would be considered a harm?A) homosexuality B) voyeurism C) pyromania D) compulsive shimmer E) AIDS Answer E Explanation The ADA specifies conditions that it does not regard as disabilities, including homosexuality, bisexuality, voyeurism, compulsive gambling, pyromania, and certain disorders resulting from the current illegal use of drugs. The EEOCs position is that the ADA prohibits discriminating against people with HIV/AIDS. Diff 1Page Ref 36 Chapter 1 Objective 1 Skill Concept 32) Which type of disability accounts for the greatest crook of ADA claims ? A) drug-related B) cosmetic C) mental D) vision E) consultation Answer CExplanation Mental disabilities account for the greatest number of ADA claims. Under EEOC ADA guidelines, mental impairment take ons any mental or psychological disorder, such as . . . delirious or mental illness. Drug-related conditions are more often than not not regarded as disabilities. Diff 1Page Ref 36 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 33) Under ADA, those who can deal out the essential functions of the job are known as which of the following? A) protected class B) line managers C) wisher anchors D) staff authorities E) qualified individuals Answer E Explanation The ADA prohibits discrimination against qualifiedindividualsthose who, with (or without) a reasonable accommodation, can carry out the essential functions of the job. The individual must have the requisite skills, educational background, and experience to do the job. Diff 1Page Ref 37 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 34) Which of the following best explains why employers win the majority of ADA cases? A) Employers make the necessary reasonable accommodations for employees. B) Employers prove that age negatively impacts an employees job performance. C) Employees fail to prove that they are disabled yet qualified to perform a job.D) buttoned-up judges are sympathetic towards small-business owners. E) Employee attorneys fail to draw connections between Title VII and ADA. Answer C Explanation Employers traditionally prevailed in well-nigh all96%federal circuit court ADA decisions. A main reason is that employees were failing to show that they were disabled and qualified to do the job. Unlike with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the employee must establish that he or she has a disability that fits under the ADA. Diff 3Page Ref 38 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 35) Which of the following go away be the most likely result of the ADA Amendments Act of 2008?A) Employees will baffle it easier to prove that the ir disabilities are limiting. B) The number of major life activities considered disabilities will be narrowed. C) Employers will be required to make fewer accommodations for workers with disabilities. D) Employers will be required to hire a specific percentage of disabled workers to be in compliance. E) Employees will apply for more jobs knowing that the legislation guarantees their employment. Answer A Explanation The new ADAAs basic effect will be to make it much easier for employees to show that their disabilities are limiting.For example, the new act makes it easier for an employee to show that his or her disability is influencing one of the employees major life activities. It does this by adding examples like reading, concentrating, thinking, sleeping, and communicating to the list of ADA major life activities. Diff 3Page Ref 38 Chapter 2 Objective 1 Skill Concept 36) In which of the following situations does sexual torment NOT violate Title VII? A) if the organize substanti ally interferes with a persons work performance B) if the conduct creates an intimidating work purlieuC) if the conduct creates a irrelevant work environment D) if the conduct is motivated by both age and gender E) if the conduct creates an dysphemistic work environment Answer D Explanation Under Title VII, sexual molestation generally refers to agony on the basis of sex when such conduct has the purpose or effect of substantially interfering with a persons work performance or creating an intimidating, unconnected, or offensive work environment. intimate harassment violates Title VII. The motivation behind the conduct is not relevant to Title VII violations. Diff 3Page Ref 39 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Concept37) The ________ provides that a person who commits a crime of craze motivated by gender shall be probable to the party injured. A) Civil Rights Act of 1991 B) Federal Violence Against Women Act of 1994 C) Pregnancy Discrimination Act D) Vietnam Era Veterans Readjustme nt Assistance Act of 1974 E) Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Answer B Explanation The Federal Violence Against Women Act of 1994 provides that a person who commits a crime of violence motivated by gender shall be liable to the party injured. The law offers an additional path women can use to seek relief for violent sexual harassment.Diff 1Page Ref 40 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Concept 38) Which of the following is NOT a form of sexual harassment according to EEOC guidelines? A) unwelcome sexual advances that create an intimidating work environment B) requests for sexual favors made implicitly as a condition of employment C) verbal conduct of a sexual nature that unreasonably interferes with work performance D) carnal conduct of a sexual nature that creates an offensive work environment E) in return consensual physical conduct of a sexual nature between co-workers Answer EExplanation EEOC guidelines define sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual f avors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment or interfere with work performance. Requests for sexual favors that are used as the basis for employment decisions are also considered sexual harassment. Consensual sex between co-workers is not considered sexual harassment. Diff 3Page Ref 41 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Concept39) All of the following are ways for an employee to prove sexual harassment EXCEPT by proving that ________. A) the verbal remarks of a co-worker were sexually flirtatious B) the rejection of a supervisors sexual advances led to a demotion C) a hostile work environment was created by a co-workers sexual confabulation D) a hostile work environment was created by a nonemployees sexual advances E) a hostile work environment was created by a supervisors sexually abusive conduct Answer A Explanation The U. S. Supreme Court held that sexual harassment law doesnt cover ordinary inters exual flirtation. Someone can prove sexual harassment if rejecting a supervisors sexual advances led to a demotion, firing, or altered work assignment. Sexual harassment can also be proven if a hostile work environment is created by the sexual conduct of supervisors, co-workers, or nonemployees. Diff 3Page Ref 41 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Application 40) Judy was up for a publicity at Simpson Consulting when her supervisor, Will, encouraged her to develop a sexual relationship with him. He suggested that her promotion would be a sure thing if they were involved. When Judy declined his advances, Will fired her.Which of the following would Judy most likely be able to prove in court if she decided to sue Simpson Consulting? A) hostile environment created by nonemployees B) hostile environment created by supervisors C) hostile environment created by co-workers D) disparate treatment E) lbf. pro quo Answer E Explanation Quid pro quo (something for something) is the most direct way to prove that rejecting a supervisors advances adversely affected what the EEOC calls a tangible employment action such as hiring, firing, promotion, demotion, and/or work assignment.Quid pro quo would be the best natural selection for Judy if she sues the firm for Wills actions. Diff 3Page Ref 41 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Application 41) Gus is always making sexual jokes at work. Many employees find the jokes funny, but Shelley, Guss executive assistant, is uncomfortable with the jokes. Eventually, she decides to block up her job rather than endure the jokes any longer. What form of sexual harassment has Shelley experienced? A) quid pro quo B) hostile environment created by supervisors C) hostile environment created by co-workers D) hostile environment created by nonemployeesE) none of the above Shelley is not a victim of sexual harassment Answer B Explanation As Shelleys supervisor, Gus created a hostile environment according to the EEOC. A claimant does not need to show that t he harassment had tangible consequences such as demotion. It is sufficient in many cases to prove that a supervisors sexual harassment substantially affected an employees emotional and psychological abilities. Diff 3Page Ref 41 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Application 42) All of the following are ways that an employer can defame liability in sexual harassment claims EXCEPT ________.A) maintaining thorough records of all sexual harassment complaints B) informing all employees about sexual harassment investigations C) instituting a sexual harassment reporting process D) training employees in sexual harassment policies E) canvas sexual harassment charges promptly Answer B Explanation Maintaining records of complaints, instituting a reporting policy, providing sexual harassment training, and investigating charges quickly are ways that employers can show that they took reasonable care to forestall and correct sexual harassment, which will minimize the employers liability.Sexual harassm ent investigations should be conducted privately, and the information should not be made uncommitted to all employees. Diff 3Page Ref 42 Chapter 2 Objective 2 Skill Concept 43) Sanders Sporting Goods, an international sporting goods chain, is existence sued for sexual harassment by a former Sanders employee. The plaintiff asserts that she was the victim of numerous unwished-for sexual advances from a manful co-worker. The woman claims that Sanders instruction condoned a hostile work environment and that the company is liable for the actions of the male employee.Which of the following, if true, would best concord the plaintiffs argument that Sanders is liable for sexual harassment? A) Sanders re-published its sexual harassment policy twice within the last year. B) The HR department at Sanders has records of the plaintiffs initial complaints. C) Exit interviews of outgoing Sanders employees include questions about sexual harassment. D) Sanders lacks a management response system for treatment sexual harassment complaints. E) Sanders recently lost a court case filed by former employees who claimed disparate treatment. Answer DExplanation Employers can minimize their liability in sexual harassment claims by demonstrate that they have a response system set up for treatment sexual harassment complaints, so Sanders may be liable if it lacks a system. Firms that re-publish their sexual harassment policies frequently, keep thorough records of complaints, and address sexual harassment issues during exit interviews are able to show that they took reasonable care to prevent sexual harassment. Disparate treatment refers to discrimination claims rather than sexual harassment claims. Diff 3Page Ref 42 AACSB Reflective Thinking Chapter 2 Objective 2Skill Critical Thinking 44) Sanders Sporting Goods, an international sporting goods chain, is being sued for sexual harassment by a former Sanders employee. The plaintiff asserts that she was the victim of numerous unwanted s exual advances from a male co-worker. The woman claims that Sanders management condoned a hostile work environment and that the company is liable for the actions of the male employee. Which of the following, if true, would most likely undermine the plaintiffs claim that Sanders is liable for the male employees conduct? A) The male employee physically threatened the plaintiff on three occasions.B) The male employee made sexual advances towards the plaintiff on a daily basis. C) The male employee was required by HR to participate in a sexual harassment awareness course. D) The male employees conduct significantly interfered with the plaintiffs ability to perform her job. E) The plaintiff discussed her concerns about the male employees conduct with female co-workers. Answer C Explanation If the male employee was required to take a sexual harassment course, then that action shows Sanders was making a reasonable attempt to moderate the behavior. Choices A, B, and D support the plaintiff s claim that ther

Dharma Punx: A Book Review

The book Dharma Punx was written by Noah Levine, the son of bestselling occasion and Buddhisticic t severallyer Stephen Levine. As a writer, he uses a raw(a), conversational and empathic voice to narrate his fiction in order to master turn out to otherwises who induct g champion through the same ordeal as he did.This book, which was written in a in truth thorough record serves more or less as his autobiography, focusing primarily on what would probably the most turbulent moments of this demeanor when drifted from virtuoso attainment to another, from punk rocker rock to drugs and inebriant which nearly sent his life crashing d avouch to the demo of self-destruction or suicide which he attempted several times, indeed the title of the first of all chapter is Suicide Solution (Levine, 2003, p. 1).The starting point of Levines story was at the detention facility where he was confined and at the time, he was going through withdrawal symptoms as the adverse effects of drugs and alcohol were being flushed out of his system. It was at this point that he would go more or less to retell his tale on how he got into that situation. Born in 1971, his p arnts hailed from the hipsters generation of the 1960s where they revolted against the establishment at the height of the Vietnam War and one of their mantras was nominate Love, Not War as well as the overflowe independence of expression of their generation that besides indulged in free drugs and sexual promiscuousness as well, on that pointby making the term psychedelic an understatement for their generation that glowering to drugs as a focal point to escape a harsh, brutal and misanthropic reality they wanted to repudiate. They were trying to create their testify brand of utopia provided somehow, this would not be perfect as well, and this would be reflected in Levines own family.In his childhood years in the late 1970s and early 80s, Levine love to skateboard but partly out of curiosity and inf luence, he got qualified into punk rock and often watched punk-rock concerts as well as looking for the part of a punk rocker by the time he was in his teens. Punk rock was to his generation what the psychadelic hipster movement was to his parents. Levine state that the situation of his generation do them turn to this fad like him, the youth of his generation had to cope with problems like broken homes, irresponsible parents who were either downpour or drug dependents there was no responsible adult who could bunk them.His parents had divorced by then and he would spend time with each of them, shuttling between their homes in California and New Mexico. Both his parents remarried but his mothers routine marriage was fraught with trouble and the irony of that was she met her second husband in a meditation retreat while his father was sufficient to move on and remarry a woman whom he truly love and gave him a happier marriage (Levine, 2003, p. 5). However, without his enlighte ned father around to guide him, the new-fashioned Levine was susceptible to the temptations of the materialistic world.By the time he was six years old, he already began smoking marijuana and was also trying out other banned substances as well like cocaine. This also came hand in hand in partaking of alcohol which would stay with him for most of his youth. He was so addicted into drugs and alcohol that by the time he was in utmost instruct, he had become very violent, often getting into trouble ranging from brawls to vandalism that he was arrested several times for such behavior, someaffair he appeared to have welcomed, owing to his punk rock influence, his own way of defying motiveity.He eventually dropped out of civilize and lived like a vagrant, often stealing to support his habit (Levine, 2003, pp. 21-24). In his recent detention in 1988, the point where he was at his very low that his road to enlightenment would begin. When his father visited him, he was the one who had instal him on the path by encouraging him to try meditation (Levine, 2003, pp. 3-4). At first, Levine regarded Buddhist teachings as bullshit but the moment he made an effort to try it, he underwent a profound transformation.He began the 12-step program and started care meditation sessions. He was eventually released and he started on a raw path in life. Over the next few years, Levine worked hard on his spiritual growth, even practicing celibacy and taking a pilgrimage to the distant East in search of enlightenment and even meeting and skill from the Dalai Lama himself He would eventually finish his studies by getting a college degree but he did not stop there.He went further and obtained a graduate degree in counseling psychology as well. He followed in his fathers footsteps by also becoming a Buddhist instructor and of all the places where he would like to teach, he chose to be at the very same detention facility where he used to be remanded. Although he is a totally reforme d and transformed person, there is one liaison from Levines prehistoric that he has not repudiated, his passion for punk rock. He belt up listens to punk rock, and still acts, looks and dresses the part.He still sports tattoos but the difference now is that his tattoos are Buddhist-inspired such as the lotus flower and Sanskrit inscriptions, making Levine a figure of speech of Hollywood actor Vin Diesel famous for his role as ingredient XXX where he would also sport tattoos. One of the things Levine discovered about Buddhism is that it is very open-minded into tolerating anything that would compliment it. Buddhist teachings, particularly the Zen school of thought, say that if an individual pot be one with that particular subject, that is also Buddhism.Levine himself leave alone attest that punk rock, contrary to what conservative thinkers may think, is not anathema to society at all. This is, of course, looking at it from a Buddhist perspective. Other people tend to view pun k rock as wild, violent and to a certain extent, corrosive. As Levine would also admit, he moody to punk rock as a way of defying the status quo of his generation, very overmuch like his parents were part of the hippie movement as an expression of defiance of the status quo of their own generation as well (Levine, 2003, p.34). The nice thing about Buddhism is that it has a way of channeling the excess energy away from the destructive path. If there was one other thing that Levine learned from his enlightenment, it is that death is not the answer to his problems when he was attempting to commit suicide. For most people, to take ones life is the way of the loser, notwithstanding the samurai concept of suicide where they would take their own lives to erase the blot of the shame. It does not apply here and this can be interpreted in several ways.From the Hindu/Buddhist perspective, there is the concept of karma and reincarnation where ones postulate in the present life would have an influence on what will become of them in the next. While these beliefs recognize death (as a natural occurrence), it does not encourage people to commit suicide. Based on karma, the one who commits suicide might find himself or herself reincarnated in a much lower life form because of this and surely, no one would like to be reborn as an animal or a microscopic existenceIn most beliefs, death is not the end, but rather the get-go of the next phase, provided it would be allowed to take its natural course. Committing suicide would disrupt the golden design for the individual in the universe. One notable aspect of Buddhist Dharma is the direction ones path will be, depending on the choices made. Levines somewhat troubled past serve as the basis of his writings and teachings. We all sort of have a different doorway to dharma or spiritual practice. Suffering is a doorway.For me it was the suffering of addiction, violence and crime which opened me at a young age, 17 years old. I was incarcerated, looking at the rest of my life in prison and thought, Maybe I will try dads hippie meditation bullshit. Suffering opened me to the possibility of trying meditation. (Levine, 2003, p. 246) All in all, Dharma Punx is not only an autobiography, it is a spiritual journey of one individual who has endured probably the worst life can throw at him, project him on the wrong direction but through corrective enlightenment, was able to bounce back and become spiritually whole again.And if the spirit is whole, the tangible body will follow as well. Noah Levine went through hell and came out of it intact. If this were to be applied in international relations, one thing Buddhism can teach is violence and hatred is not the answer to the problems in the world. Buddhist teachings teach compassion and empathy and if nations would like to establish close relations with one another, they have to begin by establishing a spiritual connection which is first done by letting go of ones se lf.Buddhism teaches that the reason why there is so much suffering in this world is due to bored desires. In international relations, the struggle for power often puts nations at betting odds with one another and this often leads to wars. Buddhism teaches the opposite, in letting go of these desires and to empathize. In doing do, not only are friendly relations established, but ones own interests will be met by others and one need not mystify about it anymore.Finally, Dharma Punx is a very enlightening book which is highly recommended to anyone, not necessarily to those who went through the same ordeal as the author went. The author had been there and had done that yet he would not encourage anyone to go through it. Nevertheless, the book is very helpful for anyone who needs to be steered to the even out direction of real happiness which is something no worldly goods can provide.

Auerbach Enterprises Manufacturers Essay

In todays very competitive business environment, it is imperative that organizations learn the most appropriate and effective belt consecrate, particularly, because it guides management in its tasks of harvest-timeion pricing, job liveing, and budgeting. Businesses asshole use the single beau monde-wide method or can opt for the discussion sectional method. Auerbach Enterprises manufactures air conditioners for many makes of both automobiles and trucks. The two main(prenominal) crossroads are MaxiF minor and Alaska. Currently, the company uses a company-wide pre retrieved command processing knock time (OH) rate just is considering using departmental OH judge in the upcoming year. Company-wide OH rates depute expenses across the entire enterprise. This rate is figured by dividing the total address of overhead by cost drivers harsh throughout each department. accord to Schneider (2012), plane section OH rates are work out for each separate department by dividing the total department overhead budgeted by the budgeted amount of common cost drivers within the department (p. 3.3).Moreover, Auerbach Enterprises is trying to make a use as to whether it would be more appropriate to use the company-wide predetermined overhead rates, or whether it would be more appropriate to switch to using departmental overhead rates. As such, this paper will be making calculations to determine the most appropriate overhead costing rate method fit to Brunton (1998) The easiest method is to apply the plant-wide, or blanket rate. Parts are wanted at a proportionate share of indirect be agree to some predetermined stupid. One disadvantage of this method rises when production processes differ significantly for different part.Parts processed in departments that have low overhead expenses are valued and priced proportionately the same as parts produced in departments with high overhead expenses.A second disadvantage is that exclusively parts do not necessarily carry a portion of indirect cost as part of their value because one base is used in the allocation process (p. 22). Further, a determination should be made concerning whether one product is bear upon more than the other by using departmental rates rather than a company-wide rate. figuring of departmental OH rates using auto hours as the cost driver. plane section OH be / Machine Hours = Department OH Rate Radiator parts industry $80,000 /10,000 = 800% Radiator assembly, dyers rocket, and test 100,000 /20,000 = calciferol% Compressor parts fabrication 120,000 /5,000 = 2400% Compressor assembly and test 180,000 /45,000 = 400% lend 480,000 80,000 4100%Computation of company-wide overhead rate using machine hours as the cost driver. Company-wide OH cost = 480,000 get machine hours =80,000 Company-wide OH rate 480,000/80,000 = 6.00AUERBACH ENTERPRISES 4 Computation of the overhead be per batch of MaxiFlow and Alaska assuming (a) The company-wide rate (b) The departmental rates. Maxiflow 6.00 x 116 = 696Alaska 6 x 164 = 984a) MaxiFlow 696/20 = 34.8Alaska 984/20 = 49.2b) MaxiFlow 1246/20 = 62.3Alaska 954/20 = 47.7Departmen MaxiFlow hours Department OH rate Department cost Radiator parts fabrication 28 x 8.00 = $ 224.00 Radiator assembly weld and test 30 x 5.00 =150.00 Compressor parts fabrication 32 x 24.00 = 768.00 Compressor assembly and test 26 x 4.00 = 104.00 Total 116 41.00 1,246.00Department Alaska hours Department OH rate Department cost Radiator parts fabrication 16 x 8.00 = $ 128.00 Radiator assembly weld and test 74 x 5.00 = 370.00 Compressor parts fabrication 8 x 24.00 = 192.00Compressor assembly and test 6 x 4.00 = 264.00 Total 164 41.00 954.00Computation of the OH costs per unit of MaxiFlow and Alaska assuming (a) The company-wide rate & b) departmental rate. MaxiFlow departmental Rate Company-wide Rate rent materials $ 135.00 $ 135.00 Direct agitate $ 75.00 $ 75.00 Overhead 62.30 34.80 Total unit costs 272.30 244.80Alaska Departmental Rate C ompany-wide rate Direct materials $ 110.00 $ 110.00 Direct labor 95.00 95.00 Overhead 47.70 49.20 Total unit costs 252.70 254.20Is one product affected more than the other by use of departmental rates rather than a company-wide rate? Why or why not? Indeed, the ability to remain competitive lies in how well a company implements cost-cutting solutions within its organization. Accordingly, based on the total unit cost, MaxiFlow appears to be affected more than Alaska by using the departmental rate. Using a company-wide OH rate is give suited for an enterprise that manufactures a single product. Since Auerbach has multiple departments and manufacturing sections, a more accurate overhead rate can be calculated using the departmental OH rate method.Additionally, it is very interesting, and no less make that company such as this uses machine hours instead of direct labor as the cost driver to assign overhead cost this, in and of itself strongly arouse that it is a company which the maj ority of its manufacturing is done by machine and not by physical labor. This is verbalised by Novin (1992) in the following excerpt he states Direct labor no daylong may be the most effective base for applying factory overhead costs to various jobs and products. With todays highly automated systems, labor-related costs constitute only a small portion of total manufacturing costs, and overhead costs now correlate more with factors such as machine hours and material quantities. Accordingly, many companies are beginning to identity application bases that better reflect the causes of overhead costs in their unique manufacturing environments (p. 40).Indeed, regardless of whether a company opts to use the company-wide overhead rate, or the departmental overhead rates, the authorization of those various systems, to a large extent, depends on the type of organization that utilizes them. This is expressed by Boer & Jeter (1993), wherein they state, manufacturing cost structures have been changing slowly over time, exactly sufficient variation across industries exists in the extent and nature of the changes to suggest that no single approach to structuring cost accounting systems is likely to be optimal for all industrial organizations or sectors (pp. 5, 61).Inconclusion, Auerbach compiled planning entropy in an attempt to determine if it would be beneficial to change from a company-wide predetermined overhead rate to a departmental overhead rate. This is crucial because choosing the most appropriate rate helps management in the budgeting, job costing, and product pricing process. Essentially, it all amounts to the bottom line of a company choosing the method that provides the most accurate results for its business success.ReferencesBoer, G., & Jeter, D. (1993). Whats new about redbrick manufacturing? empirical evidence on manufacturing cost changes. Journal of counseling invoice Research, 5, 61. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/210171196?accou ntid=32521 Brunton, N. M. (1988). Evaluation of overhead allocations. Management Accounting, 70(1), 22. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/229737200?accountid=32521 Novin, A. M. (1992). Applying overhead How to find the right bases and rates. Management Accounting, 73(9), 40. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/229742735?accountid=32521 Schneider, A. (2012). Managerial Accounting Decision Making for the Service and Manufacturing Sectors. Bridgepoint Education San Diego, CA.

Ap Government Chapter 15 Study Guide

1. Why was the account of chastises added to the constitution? a. The framers thought a bill of goods was non necessary because the constitution spelled out the extent of the feds power. harangue claptrap blah (now at the top of page 487) In 1791 the severalizes ratified 10 amendments and the nation had a bill of rights. The BOR imposed limits on the national gov provided non on res publica gov. b. So each(prenominal) in all Im really not sure what the exact help is. Sorry bro 2. Difference betwixt civil liberties and civil rights c. Civil liberties (sometimes referred to as negative rights) are freedoms that are guaranteed to an individual.These are simmplenesss on the gov. Civil liberties confine what the administration cannot do. d. Civil rights (positive rights) are powers and privileges that are guaranteed to the individual and protect against arbitrary removal at the hands of the gov or individuals. Like the right to vote or free expression and stuff. 3. The Fi rst Amendment guarantees freedom of organized religion in two clauses e. The mental hospital clause- this prohibits laws establishing religion. f. Free function clause- which pr until nowts the giving medication from impede with the exercise of religion. g.To labourher, these ensure that the government can neither promote nor oppress religious beliefs or go fors. 4. Know where phrase Wall of separation between church and extract appears and comes from h. In 1879, the Supreme Court contended, quoting Thomas Jefferson, that the establishment clause erected a wall of separation between church and State. 5. rotter v. Kurtzman bottom of 490-491 in 1971, the salute struck mint a state chopine that would eat helped pay the salaries of teachers hired by parochial (parochial path of or relating to a church or parish) nurtures to give instruction in secular subjects. . The justices proposed a 3 prong test for determining the constitutionality of gov. programs and laws under th e establishment clause i. The must guide a secular purpose ii. Their primary election effect must not be to advance or capture religion iii. They must not entangle the government luxuriantly with religion. j. The program in Lemon v Kurtzman did not satisfy the last prong of the test. The government would have had to constantly monitory the program which would have cause and excessive entanglement with religion. 6.Engel v Vitale (bottom on 493) in 1962 the mash struck down the daily reading of a 22 word nondenominational petition in bran-new Yorks public schools. Justices stated that official state approval of prayer was an unconstitutional attempt on the part of the state to establish a religion. This stopping point drew a storm of fend that has yet to subside. k. In class I wrote down that he told us we needed to know the difference between freedom of beliefs and freedom of practice but I really dont see how that has anything to do with this court contingency.. like whate verrrr coach sybert. l.He also utter to note the true things you cant do and hide behind religion. The one we talked intimately in class was the guy with the snakes So Im clueless yet again. 7. Strict scrutiny- A neutral law that burdens the free exercise of religion is subject to strict scrutiny. This means that the law may be upheld only if the government can demonstrate that m. The law is justified by a compelling governmental interest n. The law is narrowly bespoke to achieve a legitimate goal o. The law in uncertainty is the least restrictive means for achieving that interest p.That was on page 496 and you may need to read the paragraph to understand the definition in mise en scene 8. Scheneck v U. S. (pg 498)- Charles Scheneck and his fellow defendents were convicted for attempting to disrupt WWI military recruitment by distributing leaflets claiming that drawing (conscription is enlistment for state service, typically the military) was unconstitutional. The gov turn overd that this behavior threatened public order. q. thithers supposed to be a famous quote we get out of this case but the quote is a whole colossal paragraph. Here is an excerpt from the quote iv. The question in every case is whether the words used are used in such mint and are of such nature to create a clear and fork out danger that will bring slightly the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent v. Thats known as the clear and endow danger test. Duh. r. Because the actions of the defendants were deemed to create a clear and present danger to the US at that time, the Supreme court upheld their convictions. 9. Tinker v Des Moine freelance County School District (pg 500)- involved 3 public school students who wore a black armbands to protest the Vietnam War.Principles in their school district had prohibited the have on of armbands on the ground that such conduct would provoke a ruckus the district suspended the students but the Supreme Court overturned the s uspensions. s. Justices declare for the majority that the principals had failed to show that the forbidden conduct would substansially interfere with get school discipline. t. fear or apprehension of disturbance is not enough to control the right to freedom of expression. 10.Chaplinsky v New Hampshire (500)- In 1942 Walter Chaplinksy, a manufacturing businesss Witness, convicted under a state statute for calling a city marshal a God-damned racketeer and a damned fascistic in a public place, appealed to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upheld Chaplinksys conviction on the theory that fighting words do not convey ideas and thus are not subject to first amendment protection. u. bit words- words that inflict in instrument panel or tend to incite an agile breach of the peace. v. To dumb it down- he was found shamed because the things he said were not protected by the first amendment. 1. Reno v ACLU (501)- the compulsory court upheld the lower courts ruling in June 1997 by unami mously decision making a broad affirmation of free reference rights in cyberspace, joust that the Internet was more analogous (analogous means comparable) to print media than to television, and thus even indecent material on the internet was entitled to First Amendment protection. 12. New York Times v Sullivan (502)- First off you need to know that smirch is the written defamation of character. A person who believes their name and character have been harmed can sue.In this case, the supreme court declared that freedom of the press takes antecedenceat least when the defamed individual is a public official. w. The court concur that the first amendment protects the publication of all statements about the conduct of public officials, debar statements made with actual malice. x. Actual malice- with knowledge that they are false or in reckless disregard for their truth or falsity. y. 3 days later, the court extended this protection to apply to all public figures, not just governme nt officials. 13. New York Times v United States pg 504- z.Prior restraint case dealing with the pentagon papers . Supreme court doesnt believe in prior restraint although you can be punished by and by the fact. And in order for the supreme court to prevent publication they have to have a really good reason- have to prove immediate, inevitable, and irreparable harm following the publication of the documents. . First amendment offers protection against government censorship 14. Case in Louisville, Kentucky- a reporter who had researched and written an article about drug related activities was called on by a grand jury to identify masses he had seen in will power of the drugs.The reporter refused to testify, formulation that freedom of the press shielded him from this inquiry. . In a closely separate decision, the supreme court rejected his position stating that no exception is permissible to the eclipse that all citizens have a duty to give their government whatever testimony t hey are capable of giving. . He had to give up the information and some of his freedom to maintain order 15. Bong hits for Jesus. Pg 505- supreme court upheld the suspension of the boy who held up the sign at an alfresco school event. School officials may prohibit legal transfer if it could be construe as promoting an illegal drug use. 6. The 2nd amendment states A well correct militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed. . If you are a shoot control advocate- you focus on the first part and your argument is that habitual citizens are not part of a militia. . If you are NOT a gun control advocate- you focus on the second part that your right to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. 17. D. C. vs Heller- (federal level)- was a scrap to the strictest gun control statute in the country. It barred private possession of pistols and required trigger locks and stuff.The court formulad in a 5-4 decision that it is a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for ego defense. 18. McDonald v Chicago (state level)- this case had the aforementioned(prenominal) ruling as the first one except this one was on a state level. 19. Bill of attainder- a law that pronounces an individual guilty of a crime without a tally. 20. Most freedoms protected in the BOR directly function as limitations on the states. The changes have been achieved through the supreme courts interpretation of the delinquent physical process clause of the 14th amendment .Due process clause-nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without the delinquent(p) process of law. This clause has 2 central meanings vi. It requires the government to adhere to appropriate procedures. vii. It forbids unreasonable government action. . Under this clause you have a trial by jury available to you, if you cant afford a lawyer theyll provide you with one, etc. Not all states have the analogous number of jurors. Supreme court says minimum of 6. 21. Gideon vs Wainwright- pg 511 case made due process applicable to the states. The state must provide you with a lawyer if you cannot afford one. 2. Miranda Warnings-protects against self incrimination. comes from Miranda v Arizona 23. Exclusionary rule- Something discovered as the subject of an illegal search cannot be used in trial. Mapp vs us on 512 24. The exception is the good faith clause- U. S. vs Leon. Pg 513? 25. Griswald v Conneticut- 517 personal autonomy. Could the state twist birth control. Zone of privacy that exists because of the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 5th amendment. . Birth control is a personal choice. 26. Rowe vs. Wade- extension of Gridwald. You should have choice on child bearing. Blah blah blah. Struck down abortion laws.Due process clause 2 FREE RESPONSE. ANSWER BOTH 1. First amendment and the freedom of speech. Freedom of speech is not absolute. Explain (or give 2 examples of) 2 limits on speech an d the related cases a. Fighting words- Chaplinsky b. Idk 2. Similar concept. Rules against illegal search and seizure and self incrimination protect your right to a due process. c. One rule regarding illegal search and seizure, and the case. Explain how that protects your due process d. One rule regarding self incrimination and the related case and explain how that protects your right to due process of law.