Benefits Of Becoming A Famous Sports Person Marketing Essay

Benefits Of Becoming A illustrious gass Person Marketing EssayIn our vast arna today, pastime has become a rapid growing industry which some citizenry regard it as a counterfeit on pleasure in their mundane life. We live in an urban age where engineering science is so advance which en up to(p)s us to watch live broadcasts of any sports we enthral watching through various sports ancestrys such(prenominal) as ESPN which cater to any sport fanatics pick step ups. Firstly, people enjoy watching and tinkering sports as they wish to pursue their dreams in befitting a historied sportsperson unmatched day. These enthusiastic sportspeople must persevere with full design and concentration in excelling in their performance at the sport they have chosen. In my opinion, becoming a renowned sportsperson brings many benefits to ones life as an individual would be capable to reap special rewards, a countless sum of income, popularity amongst his fans, hold an liquid ecstasy life style and the ability to eat see to iting methods to inspiring athletes in the sports world.2.02.1 RewardsIve won the competition It is every renowned sports persons dream to be able to say this phrase. It is undeniable that winsome in competition are crucial, whether for a historied sports person or an ordinary sports person. Everyone wants to perform well in their competition the question is, what causes known sports person work so sticky for it? In my opinion, they want to see rewards from mark companies and government.2.1.1 Sponsorship From Branded CompaniesA celebrated sports person usu all(prenominal)y able to get sponsorships from branded companies. This is because they work authencetically whopping(a) and al approximately win every competition. Examples of branded companies are Nike, Adidas, Puma, Yonex, Carlton and Reebok. Sports persons need a immense get along of specie to carry out their daily training, buy their sports equipments and accessories. W ithout the sponsorships, they will face a lot of obstacles in their sports life. Our known sports persons Olympic notes medalist and Jamaican Sprinter Usain poop out, they had just renewed their sponsorship arrangement with Puma until the end of 2013 lately. So Puma became the reachicial supplier of training, performance, footgear and lifestyle apparel for Usain Bolt. Now, Usain Bolt can focus fully in his career without worries.2.1.2 Government Incentive anyways, government incentive will be provided to the famous sports persons. This is because they have the responsibilities to take part in local, international and orbiculate tournaments. For instance, Olympic silver medallist Lee Chong Wei is to be make a Datuk by the Penang Government. In the different hand, Malaysia Government in like manner rewarded a s height of RM300000 for winning the silver medal at the Olympic Games and a sneer cheque for RM3000 as the pension reward. The pension payments are for life.In short , the famous sports persons definitely will get sponsorships from branded companies and government incentive as long as they deem their excellent performances. Sports persons achieve iconic posture instantly with awesome performance and hence are selected by acquit brands for endorsing their goods.2.2 IncomeSports, apart from being a good way of testing an athletes expertise and skill, are to a fault big funds. Today, sports persons achieve iconic status today with excellent performance and hence are selected by top branded companies for endorsing their goods. Apart from intrude money and salaries, this is also where many famous athletes assume most of their money from. This has become a recent occurrence of give millions of dollars to athletes as income, which makes most famous athletes filthy rich.2.2.1 Receiving Contract From Exclusive CompaniesReceiving contracts from exclusive companies is one of the income sources of the famous sports person. The companies will hire the famous athletes for their promotion of deal and work as intersection spokesmen. This advertising effect manages to make better the companies sale. So the companies will non be stingy in spending millions of money for the famous sports person.2.2.2 Prize MoneyLastly, there is thousands of tournaments give away prize money for the winners. Sports person will receive a huge amount of money from winning tournaments held locally and globally. For voice, Tiger Woods who has won 65 PGA tour events picked up $41 million in prize money and 14 major golf championships in 2009. Thus, prize money heart a lot to sports person as this is one of the income source.In short, we whitethorn be in the midst of a global economic recession, however, the worlds top sportsperson are smooth up to their necks in money. And the cash came from salaries, prize money, licensing income, and endorsements.2.3 PopularityIn our modern world today, it has become a common necessity amongst people especiall y celebrities to have a good re clotheation through the form of popularity with the public. This is to ensure that their popularity amongst their fans remains strong as they must maintain their title. Sports celebrities for usage require popularity to boost their existence as skilled sports people in the sports world, so that the competitiveness between other sports celebrities remains very impetuous as each player wants to achieve victory.2.3.1 Performance In The SportsFirstly, in being a popular sportsperson one must ever maintain his performance in the sport he specializes in as his fans would always cheer him on to provide the certification he needs during the game. with this advantage of escort, a famous sportsperson must neer slack off in his performance and feel arrogant as pride always comes before a fall. For example, Rafael Nadal who is a famous tennis player made a simple job of winning his blurb Wimbledon mens crown, swatting aside the big Czech Tomas Berdych who was 6 feet tall to the score of 6-3, 7-5, 6-4 in two hours 13 minutes.During the game, the weather had affected the performance of both players, but it did not lack their determination in winning the game. The support of the crowd had boosted Rafael Nadals moral support as they shouted I love you, Rafa, soon followed by Youre a genius, Rafa. After Rafa Nadal had won the game his opponent Berdych shook his head in despair at the chances he had missed but both players left over(p) the court with confidence and comfort. Hence, Rafa Nadal has gained popularity amongst his fans through his outstanding performance in winning the tournament which has boosted his reputation among other famous tennis players.2.3.2 Exclusive life styleSecondly, popularity in being a famous sportsperson would give the benefits of vivification a luxurious lifestyle without worrying much financially as he has performed well in the sport whereby sponsors would provide everything he needs. Through popular ity a famous sportsperson would also be able to experience exclusive events which are only meant for celebrities which would attract the media for the publics entertainment. For example, the 12th Annual snoop Awards which was broadcasted on the sports channel called ESPN on Sunday, 18th July at 9 p.m from Hollywoods Kodak Theatre was a huge success. At the awards, many famous celebrities from polar working backgrounds such as Samuel L. Jackson, Denzel Washington, Brooke Burke, The Rock and for the athlete presenters LeBron James, Tom Brady, Gary Payton, Terrell Owen and Serena Williams came together to celebrate this event. During the event, Denzel Washington also presented the ESPY Arthur Ashe Courage AwardThe Arthur Ashe Courage Award (sometimes called the Arthur Ashe Award for Courage or Arthur Ashe for Courage Award) is an award that is part of the ESPY Awards. Although it is a sport-oriented awards, is not modified to sports-related people or actions... Click the link for mo re information.to UNICEF ambassador and Liberian-born association football track George Weah.The Annual Awards also acknowledged many top athletes who were ESPY Award nominees such as Walter enlighten Williams,Jr. who was born on October 6, 1959 in Eureka, California and is among one of the top ranking professional Ten-pin bowlers in history. Walter Ray also currently holds the record for all time PBA career cabbage which is over $4,000,000. Another celebrity sportsperson that was acknowledged was Martin St-Louis who was born on June 18, 1975 in Laval, Quebec, Canada and is a Ice hockey right winger who is French Canadian that has a playing career. Martin is also considered to be a diminutive player by NHL standards at 5 foot 9 at St Louis who has played six-spot NHL seasons during the years of 2006 to 2007 for the Tampa Bay. Lastly the 12th annual ESPY Awards which was presented by chthonic Armour and GNC, gathered all entertainment and sports celebrities to recognize the to p achievements bring in by the sports people, salute the best performers and relive memorable moments during the award ceremony.In short, popularity plays a major important role in the success of a famous sportsperson as he would have to strive in his sport with full determination and concentration to achieve victory and gain the support from his fans.2.4 Rich lifestyleLiving a rich lifestyle is everyones dreams. present tense we can see on news that most famous sportsperson is living in a rich lifestyle. But how does a rich lifestyle benefits them?2.4.1 Able To Purchase Luxurious ItemsThe advantage is that these famous sportsperson will be able to obtain luxurious items such as elegant clothes, jewelleries, famous cars, mansions and more. They are able to acquire these things as a result of their laboured work and never giving up when they face obstacles. One of the examples of such a sports person is current Real Madrid footballer Cristiano Ronaldo. He is a talented football er from Portugal at a young age. Although he suffered a sickness during a young age he never gave up his dream of becoming a footballer. When he moved to play for Manchester United in England, it was his most flourishing period. He was voted World football player of the Year, he won medals, trophies, honors, and he was used on many product advertisements. From all of that, he earned millions of pound or dollar. He spends all those money on items such as a Ferrari auto peregrine, buys a big mansion at Manchester, go to nightclubs, eats in 8 star restaurants. Besides, he also spends money on women like buying them handbags, mobile phones, dresses and so on.2.4.2 Donation For CharityBesides being able to purchase luxurious items, sometimes these famous sportsperson will donate their earnings to charities. They do things like feed and provide shelter for the poor, and funding for development of education. It is get out to do good sometimes then spend all those wealthiness for themse lves. Roger Federer is one such sportsperson that lives a rich lifestyle but still donates some of his earnings to charity. Roger Federer earned $26,464,458 in his 8 years of playing career and founded the Roger Federer Foundation. This foundation aims to incite poor and deprived children. After the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, he wanted to influence other tennis players to assist those who are affected by the tsunami. Moreover, he wanted to play as many charity matches as possible because he said that he wanted to help those who are in need. Roger Federer also became the Goodwill ambassador to UNICEF which aims to help those who are poor or deprived.As we can see, anyhow being able to purchase luxurious items for themselves, these famous sportsperson will also do charities for the poor and deprived. That is some of the things famous sportsperson who are living in a rich lifestyle can do. Hence, people who wants to be famous and lives in rich lifestyle must have a never give up atti tude and work hard to achieve their dream.2.5 teach MethodsThe term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies as a result of the program line of vocational or practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific effective competencies as stated in the internet encyclopedia Wikipedia.. Different sportsperson has different training methods in their daily trainings. How can these training methods benefit them?2.5.1 mitigate Their Performance In The Sport To Keep FitOne of the benefits is that most famous sportsperson have to improve their performance so that they will not lose their grip on the sports they are in like running game, football, self-aggrandizingminton, and other sports as well. What the famous sportsperson can do is that they can hire instructes to train them to have better skill performance in a true time period, or buy better quality training gears. An example of a famous sportsperson who improves his performance in running by hiring a coach is Ralph Doubell. Before he became famous, he was a nobody and his running performance was slow. To overcome the problem, he hired a legendary coach who specialized in running to train him, and his name is Franz Stampel. Franz Stampels training methods include mainly repetition and interval running, means getting off late before the track season approaches, increasing the intensity as then running competition approaches. This particular training method leads to Ralph Doubells Olympic gold medal in the 800m running during the 1968 Olympic Games and that is how he became famous from a nobody to a somebody.2.5.2 Able To Use Their Knowledge In The SportIn addition, from the training methods that these famous sportsperson get to improve their performance in the sport to remain fit, they are able to use their knowledge in the sport to great benefits like giving advice to the public on how to improve their performance in sports. Hence, it would motivate others to become be tter.To give an example of such a famous sportsperson is tennis star Roger Federer. On 24 whitethorn 2010 during the French propagate, Roger Federer got interviewed. What he said on the interview was quite inspirational. In the interview, the interviewer ask him if a young player came to see him and asked what is the right indigence for him to have to become a champion, and has Roger Federer lack any motivation during his career. He explained that every player will go through a clod time throughout their career. When these players are young they have tremendous wedge surrounding them and these young players will want to prove their critics wrong so they will lose a little motivation in the beginning. Besides that, he also said that young players must not give up easily when they are losing a match and must put a 100% into the game so that their opponent will deference them as they will train better like this.So, besides aiming to get their performances improve, famous sportspers on sometimes will also give inspirational dialog or interviews to inspire other sportsperson to do better. These are some of the things that famous sportsperson can do to benefit themselves and others too. Everyone must take an example out of these famous sportsperson as they can teach us something we never knew before. evidenceTo conclude famous sports people have more benefits compared to normal sports people. These famous sports people however, do not become famous overnight as they must have the passion to pursue their dreams since young with full determination and concentration in perfecting their skills in the sport they have specialized in. Famous sports people who have made history such as Michael Jordan and Charles Barkley from the NBA (National hoops Association) have also given motivational quotes to inspiring young athletes by saying You have to expect things of yourself before you can do themby Michael Jordan and I know that Im never as good or bad as any single perfor mance. Ive never believed my critics or my worshippers, and Ive always been able to leave the game at the arena by Charles Barkley. Through this, I believe that anyone can become a famous sportsperson as the hard work you put in pays off with loads of benefits.ReferencesPuma Renews Sponsorships with Usain Bolt 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//www.8264.net/html/Sports_News/International_Sports_Industry/201008/25-9451.htmlBeijing Olympics Silver For Malaysia 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//warkah.com/beijing-olympics-silver-for-malaysia/Highest Paid Athletes 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//www.buzzle.com/articles/highest-paid-athletes.htmlThe 10 highest earning sports stars in the world 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//www.thesportreview.com/tsr/2009/08/the-10-highest-earning-sports-stars-in-the-world/Nadal cruises past Berdych to win second title 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//2010.wim bledon.org/en_GB/news/match_reports/2010-07-04/201007041278253424945.htmlCelebrity Presenter and Athlete Attendees proclaimed 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//www.thefreelibrary.com/Celebrity+Presenters+and+Athlete+Attendees+Announced+for+the+12th-a0118854625Charity 10 unsparing Sports Personality Who Help Ordinary People 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//techblogbiz.blogspot.com/2006/10/charity-10-generous-sports.htmlThe facts of life Methods of Three Famous Distance Coaches 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//www.athleticscoaching.ca/UserFiles/File/Sport%20Science/ guess%20%20Methodology/Endurance/General%20Concepts/TMEGC_Pilone_The_Training_Methods_of_Three_Famous_Distance_Coaches.pdfRoger Federal Interview French Open 2010, online, retrieved 18 October 2010, from http//www.tennis-x.com/story/2010-05-24/h.php

History Of Exhaust Fan And Ventilation Information Technology Essay

train Of Exhaust Fan And Ventilation Information applied science EssayAbstr twistAn automatic ventilation show with an nonplus rooter include with a yield yel sufferingish brown is presented in this report. With this smart constitution world proposed, detailed annual purport-up-and-go-efficient consummation strategies and methods of control for the system of logical argument-handling unit of measurement argon presented. Compargon to the traditional case of ingest sports rooter, the proposed smart carcass shows that non wholly does it maintain the indoor airwave quality besides in any case modify the energy efficiency. Due to the join ond out(a)door air, the proposed smart scheme shag improve indoor air quality save. An extraneous DC motor leave behinding be involven the fan. The reason why an out-of-door DC motor is occasiond is beca work it is able to make the bunk fan to have the baron of air exhausting and illumination. It also helps to re duce the preventative and exp int utilisation of the exhaust fan efficiently. So the proposed smart system is not nevertheless energy saving but also env atomic number 26ment either(prenominal) last(predicate)y congenial.Ac make loveledgementThis final year report is the end of my long voyage in obtaining my Degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at University of Sunderland. I have not travelled al unmatchable in this journey. there ar people who made this journey easier by offering several(predicate) places to look to expand my theories and estimates.I should specially thanks to my supervisor, Mr Bob Young, for his neat interest and assistance of helping me for preparation of this report. in like manner, encouragements, supports and advices atomic number 18 continually prone by him from the start. It helps me to develop an run acrossing of the subject thoroughly.Besides, I would also desire to thanks to the staffs in the lab, Chris and George for their availability of resources, readiness and skills. Their help in purpose the materials that argon needed is invaluable. My make water to will not be in shape without their helps.Last but not to the lowest degree, my deepest thanks to my family, friends and some others encouragement and structural advices that have make the full support of my report completion.Chapter 1 knowledgeablenessOverviewThe purpose of this chapter is to spring a rough idea of Intelligent Cooker street fighter Exhaust Fan (ICHEF) and how it integrates into and changes the mannerstyle of human macrocosms and most all important(p)ly, macrocosm green.The accustomed perception of an exhaust fan by the public is simply act as a ventilation system which ventilates the air in an bea. simply often there are affairs which are important and being drop by the public, health. Cooking does not only produce aroma, it often produces more(prenominal) than that, personaicles of wad, grease and combusted ga sses which are not healthy to breathe in and is env cast-ironmental pollutants. Food like pepper and onions also produce irritants which basis be unpleasant to be continuously exposed to. Exhaust fan are use to absent these pollutants from the air in a specific area.Health, has been an important partake to all of us these days. Because of that, having lots of biological pollutants and dust confidential information in the living place may cause a dear threat to our health. Thus, the improvement of the indoor air quality is an increasing concern to many people. Molds and dust mites will grow at a luxuriously relative humidity and there is one area in the kinsfolk where moisture is generated, kitchen. Thus, adequate control of moisture in the kitchen is necessary and important.It is broadly speaking known that global warming is a severe issue that is disaster in the world right now which eventually will bewilder unwanted natural disasters callable to the over alter in the a tmosphere and dilapidates the ability of earth to deal with these situations gibely.To save the world, a few methods are being suggested by ecologists. Energy saving, one of the most effective and most ordinarily applied by the industries, are use throughout the world in order to avoid the earth from over hotness up. As a result, the concept of energy saving is being applied in the fox to reduce the use of power thus saving money as hygienic.To achieve the goals mentioned in a higher place, corporate circumferences and sensors are needed to provide countenances to control the exhaust fan to either on or off and the stop number of the fan according to the selective information received from the sensors. It is also a low-cost solution and differs from the already-in-market exhaust fan which will cost a fortune.AimsThe primary aim for this nominate is to develop an intelligent cooker hood exhaust fan to make ones life easier with the help of electronic knowledge and most i mportantly environmental friendly due to energy saving.ObjectivesThe objective of this project is to design a system or programme to determine whether to on or off the exhaust from the readings of the sensors by using MicroCode studio apartment Plus. An effective and low-cost information processing system hardware is designed with sensors attached onto it to obtain data. It will increase or lessening the speed of the exhaust fan according to the direct of the heat and lowlife discover.Chapter 2 Project emphasize2.1 OverviewThis section presents the general information and annals of exhaust fan. It also provides short statement and the application and the hardware which are constructed on Intelligent Cooker detonator Exhaust Fan (ICHEF). new(prenominal) than hardware, a brief of the software program will be provided in this chapter as well.2.2 History of Exhaust Fan and VentilationAs all of us understand that the purpose of ventilation is to reduce or dilute the indoor co ntaminants, the experienced engineers should determine how much(prenominal) air is necessary to dilute and reduce the contaminants to a desired level. The existence of ventilation and indoor air quality prat be traced back to 17th century. However, concerns virtually the dark air go back much farther than that. unrivalled of the earliest reasons to implement the idea of ventilation is to ventilate the indoor air to a desired level and environment and it is probably soothe the alike(p) problem we have forthwith as why we implement ventilation system in the domiciliate is to reduce and remove the products of combustion apply for heat, inflame or cooking. the great unwashed dated back to 17th undoubtedly learned very readily that if one brought flaming inside the house for cooking, one needed to take the eatage out. The design for ventilation has changed quickly over the succession, but it has usually been associated with the indoor contaminants or biological pollutants that can cause health or comfort problems.Looking back into the archeological records, several examples can be found on how houses are built to accommodate ventilation and improve the indoor air quality. There are a few distinct approaches to deal with the use of wake ups in the roof. Back in 4000-5000BC, the Banpo villagers in china had implemented chimneys into their houses. The Romans put a hole in the middle of their houses roofs to screw up the smoke out of the living place. The basket weavers pit houses found in Mesa Verde National Park, circa 750 AD, use the kindred approach.The Romans thusly invented and created a heating system called hypocaust heating system and it is usually for the big buildings. The hypocaust was then preceded and combine into British parliament buildings in the late 1800s due to its superior heating design in that time. It whole works by getting the outdoor air into the hypocaust and gains heat from the fire and channeled all the guidance thr ough the under appall channels and then go up through channels in the walls and vented to the outdoor which acts like a heating system. A system is also built in the late 1880s that uses a correspondent approach and directs the outside air to the building. The air from the outside is directed over the steam pipes in a heating chamber and conveys into the building. Exhaust openings in the upper reaches of the building provides a stack effect to pull the air through the building.But in year 1631, by and by one finds that bad indoor air quality can cause health problems, exponent Charles I ordered that the ceilings in the houses must be at least 10 feet spicy and that the windows should be higher than the width to allow suite for ventilation. These improvements were slowly implemented into the buildings in the UK. After the great London fire of 1666, implementations of acceptable ventilations were being speed up because a lot of houses were destroyed. Thus, it makes way for cons truction of bigger and ameliorate ventilated houses with chimneys and large windows which leads to have better indoor air quality when the air ventilates in the house.2.3 Modern Background of Exhaust Fan and VentilationWith all the history in the introductory section, we do of course have some modern background almost the exhaust fan and ventilation. Nonetheless in the modern times which due to large demand in the world now, end-product of exhaust fans are being produced in a way of mass production. An american company specialize in kitchen exhaust fan, American goon, has came out with some different products, ie, fire suppression system. It consists of smoke detector and fire alarm system and use a special wet chemical agent that provides quicker ardor knockdown and superior fire prevention if extremely high level of smoke and temperature is detected.2.4 access to Microcontroller encrypt 2.1 MicrocontrollerWhat is microcontroller? Microcontroller is sometimes called as a micr ocomputer or ordinarily called as MCU, is a kind of small or mini computer that you can find in almost all electronic devices and products. Some examples of common products that we have microcontroller built-in are microwave oven, handphone and etc.If there are buttons and a digital display in a product, chances are it also has a programmable microcontroller humour. Often, microcontrollers are called as an embed microcontroller, it is mainly because they are often part of an embedded system and usually structured into a larger device or system.Microcontroller is designed specifically for a particular tasks or jobs much(prenominal) as controlling a particular system which is different with the general purpose microprocessor, the one that is in general use in a PC. A typical microcontroller consists of an integrated central processing unit (Central Processing unit of measurement), RAM for data storage and ROM for programme storage. Other than that, it also provides remark and widening interfaces on the same microprocessor chip. It has its advantage because a general purpose microprocessor may wait other addition chip to support analogueous extend.2.5 Introduction to PIC16F876APIC, initials refer to Peripheral Interface Controller, is a type of microcontroller made by a company called Microchip. They are 8 bit microprocessors with small RAM, ROM and simple encircling(prenominal)s bundled on a same chip. The common fig below shows the number of pins and functions of each pin.CDocuments and SettingsUserDesktoppic16f876a.png outsideize 2.2 integrate round some PIC16F876AThe PIC16F876A was elect for this project because it has the function of Pulse Width transition (PWM) in the integrated lick itself, which is located at pin 12 and 13. The PWM function can be set through the configuration during the progamme codes report in the software. PWM will be explained more in details in the next few chapters. By using this integrated circuit, it helps t o save the disturbance and works to construct an external circuit to perform a similar function.2.6 Introduction to L293DCDocuments and SettingsUserDesktopl293d.gifFigure 2.3 Integrated Circuit L293DThe L293D is a quaternity high-current half-H driver. It is designed to provide a bidirectional drive currents of up to 600mA at voltages ranging from 4.5V to 36V. Not only that, it drives the inductive loads such as relays, DC motors, solenoids as well as other high current or voltage loads in positive supply applications. In this project of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan (ICHEF), L293D was chosen to drive one DC motor to show the speed of the motor driven by the frequency (PWM) from the microcontroller.2.7 Introduction to MAX232Figure 2.4 Integrated Circuit MAX232MAX232 is a communion tool utilize mainly for serial commands to and from a flash rom. Besides, it is also an integrated circuit that changes the augurs from RS232 serial port to requests that is compatible to use in TTL (Transistor-Transistor system of logic). The MAX232 is a duo driver and receiver and typically converts the RX (Receive), TX (Transmit), CTS and RTS forecasts. Figure 2.4 shows MAX232s twist and pin in/out of MAX232 chip. MAX232 chip was chosen for converting signals because it has long been used for microcontroller boards. It provides 2-channel RS232 port and requires external 10uF capacitors.2.8 Introduction to Temperature sensing element (LM35)CDocuments and SettingsUserDesktopLM35.jpgFigure 2.5 LM35The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that is used to measure the temperature with an electrical takings which is close to the same compare to the temperature in degree celsius. LM35 acts as temperature sensor in this project. It was being chosen because it does not require any extra calibration or trimming to keep its accuracy to measure the temperature. There is another main characteristic of the LM35 which act as a temperature sensor is that it takes 60mA from its supply only. Since the main objective of this project is being green and save energy, LM35 was chosen instead of other type of thermistor.2.9 Introduction to Light Dependent ohmic resistance (LDR)CDocuments and SettingsUserDesktopvdiv1.gifFigure 2.6 Light Dependent immunity (LDR)A loose dependent immunity (LDR) is a small semi manager. LDR is used to recharge the informal during different changes in light or made to turn a light on during certain changes in lights. One of the most commonly used areas that LDR implemented is in fire alarm system. It relies upon on the smoke which is produced in the event of a fire. When this smoke passes and covered the LDR and the amount of light falling on the LDR decreases, it will then send a signal to the microcontroller. Microcontroller will act accordingly from the pre-set programmes, in this case of the project, the microcontroller will drive the motor according to the data received.The aim of a LDR is to vary the lighting of a light in the different conditions. This can be expound easily by the concept of a digital watch. Some watches get to glow in the dark so that it is possible to tell the time without pressing any buttons. It is the LDR that let the watch to know when it is dark and changes the electric arc level of the light accordingly.There are of course many good benefits and advantages to the LDR. A smaller amount of power will be consumed with the aid of LDR in many different kind of lights. It also helps lights to last much longer which is good for environment in a way.2.10 Computer Interfacing facultyEven though its easy especially when there is plug-and-play internal hardware solution for the computer, mergeing some of the external tools or devices may still require a certain amount of technical knowledge and experience. There are generally two types of ways for data infection, parallel and serial. Serial transmission has been chosen for this project.CDocuments and SettingsUserDesktopDB9.jpegFig ure 2.7 Layout of DB-9 FemaleIn the past, old type of computer used 25 pins links while in fact that only 9 pins were actually used. Thus nowadays most of the connectors are fabricate in 9 pins instead. Each of the 9 pins usually connects to a wire. Besides the two wires which are used for transmitting (TD) and receiving (RD) data shown in Figure 2.7, the other pin is for signal ground. The voltage on any other wire is measured with respect to the ground. So, the tokenish number of wires of a connector to use for 2 way transmission of data is 3.Although it has been known that it works without the signal ground wire, it will degrade the performances and often with errors. There are more wires which are for controlling purposes and not for sending bytes. Even though all of the signal can share on one wire, but there is still a separate wire dedicated to every type of signal instead.CDocuments and SettingsUserDesktopmax232.gifFigure 2.8 Connection of MAX232 and MicrocontrollerWhile communication with different type of microcontrollers, one needs to convert the RS232 levels down to rase levels, usually 3.3V or 5V. Serial RS232 communication works with voltages -15V to 15V for high and low. On the other hand, TTL logic operates between 0V and 5V. Modern low power consumption logic operates in the range of 0V and 3.3V or even lower.The MAX232 chip from axiom was the first integrated circuit in the market contains the necessary driversand receiversto alter the RS232 signal voltage levels to TTL logic. The reason why it became popular was because it needs only one voltage (3.3V or 5V) to generates the necessary RS232 voltage levels..2.11 MicroCode studio apartmentCDocuments and SettingsUserDesktopscreen1.gifFigure 2.9 Layout of MicroCode StudioMicroCode Studio is integrated development software which has the capability to debug and was developed and used for microEngineering labs PICBASIC and PICBASIC professional person compiler. Microcode Studio is packed with a code explorer that helps to rise up automatically to files, constants, variables, symbols, defines and labels, which are consisted in respected source code. Besides, there are too other features available in this software such as cut, copy and paste, undo and replace options. Not only that, it has the ability to fabricate and identify the assembler errors. It features views for serial output from the external of the microcontroller.The software helps the drug user to set up assembler and compiler options. Other than that, it has auto-search feature included in the software which helps the user to do all the work which is involved. It too has the error result window which helps to identify errors and correct them easily. The good thing about this compiler is that when the user clicks on the errors in the compiler, MicroCode Studio will automatically jump into the line location and it efficiently helps the users to know where and how to debug the serial output from the microcont rollers.Chapter 3 System Description3.1 OverviewThis chapter focuses on the system design, description and illustration of block diagram of the Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan. Several descriptions of the systems will be explained in this chapter as well.3.2 IntroductionThe system consists of mainly 4 move, namely-Temperature sensor (LM35) / LDR (act as a smoke sensor) and its readingsThe temperature sensor and LDR will sense the heat or smoke level. If the level exceeds the pre-set level, the fans will be activated automatically via the control of microcontroller. liquefied Crystal Display (LCD)A LCD will be installed in the system to display the temperature reading and LDR nurses according to the data received. It is to give the user an insight or idea of what is the current values of temperature or light density at that particular time.Speed of exhaust fan by Pulse Width flection (PWM)The speed of exhaust fan will be adjusted according to the heat level detected and genera te the pulses accordingly. The speed may go higher only when the heat level is higher thus saving the wasted energy which is involve to run the fans to full speed at all time. This type of exhaust fan differs from the traditional type of exhaust fan.The fans will then still be activated for a short period of time after the reading drops back to the pre-set heat level in order to remove all the excessive smoke or odour away.Driver CircuitA circuit by L293D to control DC motors with external power supply.3.3 System DesignMicrocontroller (PIC16F876A)Temperature Sensor (LM35)Light Dependent ResistorFans elevated SpeedLow SpeedLCD DisplayDetermine speed according to heat smoke levelFans still on for a pre-set timeController CircuitFigure 3.1 boilers suit Block plat of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust FanThe concept of Intelligent Cooker Hood Exhaust Fan is smart. It helps to reduce the workload of human beings and also it will save energy as well. The microcontroller which uses PIC16F8 76A serves as a main brain of the whole system. It uses 2 types of sensors which are the temperature sensor (LM35) and light dependent resistor (LDR). With the help of both sensors, data are easily received and displayed on the LCD Display with some aids of the programming. After the data are received and displayed on LCD Display, pulses will be generated by the function of Pulse Width pitch contour (PWM) in PIC16F876A and it sends the signal to the controller circuit, DC motor in this case, and drive the motor accordingly to what the readings are being obtained. The fans should still be on for a period of time to hold back the remaining smell and odour are sucked away.3.4 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a useful technique that controls the analog circuits with the aids of the processors digital outputs. It is employed in different types of areas. It is widely used from power control and communications to measurement and conversion. To control the analo g circuit in digital way, it helps to reduce the cost of the system and most importantly, it reduces the level of usage of power consumption as well.3.4.1 Duty CyclePWM SignalsFigure 3.2 PWM Signals of Varying Duty CyclesFigure 3.2 shows three different PWM signals. The upper figure shows a PWM output with a 10% duty cycle. It just nitty-gritty that the signal is on for 10% of the period and off the other 90% of the period, so the reasonable is low. Likewise, the middle figure shows the analog signal value at 50% and lower figure shows 90%, so its average is half and high accordingly. If it is fully on, it requires 100% of the period while when it is 0%, it is off.3.4.2 PWM FrequencyThe PWM signal frequency is important depending on the hardware that one is using. If the main purpose is to create a DC signal then the high frequency will be required (kHz) so that the low pass filter can eliminate the frequency component. To determine how high the frequency, it is to depend on how m uch frequency components are allowed at the output and how it is used.3.4.3 Communication and ControlOne of the reasons why PWM is so popular is because that the signal remains digital at all times, from the microcontroller to the driver circuit. There is no Digital-To-Analog Conversion (DAC) is required. The noises in the signal will be reduced to minimum level because the signals are in digital form. Noises can affects digital forms signal only if it is great enough to change from Logic 1 to Logic 0 and likewise.PWM is often used for communication is mainly because PWM has the ability to increase the noise immunity over analog control. By converting the analog signal to PWM, it increases the length of a communication channel. An appropriate RC (Resistor-Capacitor) or LC (Inductor-Capacitor) network can remove the modulated high frequency wave form and legislate the PWM signal back to analog form at the recipient side.3.5 DC MotorCDocuments and SettingsKLTDesktopelectric-motor.jpg Figure 3.3 DC Motor roughly all mechanical movement that surrounded us is caused by either an AC or DC electric motor. It converts the electrical energy into the mechanical movement. One needs to have a little background knowledge about electromagnet and electricity in general to understand how a motor works.3.5.1 How It whole kit?In any kind of electric motor, in this case, a DC motor, the operation is mainly based on a simple electromagnetism. A magnetic field is then generated by a current carrying conductor. By doing so, it will experience a force proportional to the current in the conductor when it is placed in the external magnetic field.Everyone is well certified of playing the magnets when young. The opposite polarities attract, in this case, north and south pole. Vice versa, the same polarities repel, north-north and south-south. The operation of a DC motor has similar concept. The internal arrangement of a DC motor is outlined to compose the magnetic fundamental interact ion between an external magnetic field and a current carrying conductor to generate rotational movement.paradigmFigure 3.4 Layout of DC MotorAlmost all the basic DC motor has these six common parts in them, namely axle, commutator, rotor coil, stator, brushes and field magnets. In most DC motor, the external magnetic field is produced by high level strength of changeless magnets. The rotor rotates according to the stator which is stationary as well as two or more permanent magnet pole pieces. The involveds of the rotor are being connected electrically towards the commutator. The above figure shows a common motor layout with the rotor inside the stator magnets.2-pole motor in actionFigure 3.5 Operation of DC MotorThe relationships between the commutator contacts, the brushes and the rotor windings are that when the power is being supplied to the motor, the stator magnets will be incorrectly aligned, the rotor will rotates till it is aligned with the stators field magnet and polar ities of the energized winding.The brushes will move to the next commutator contacts and next winding will be energized only when the rotor are in alignment. It can be given by the simple example of 2-pole motor. The rotation reverses the direction of current flow through the rotor winding, causing to the flip of the rotors magnetic field, making it to continue rotating.ImageFigure 3.6 Inner view of DC MotorIron centerfield armature is commonly used in a DC motor as it has a few advantages. The iron core provides a strong and riotous support to the windings, it is specifically important considering for the high torque motors. The core, in a way, also dissipate the heat away from the rotor windings very well that it allows the DC motor to rotate even harder. And most importantly, to construct an iron core is comparably cheaper than other type of construction.Unarguably, there are evermore pros and cons about almost everything. There are a few disadvantages about the construction o f iron core. The high level of inertia in iron armature reduces the motor acceleration dramatically. This type of construction also causes the high winding inductances which reduce the life of the brush and commutator.Chapter 4 Circuitry Explanation4.1 OverviewThis chapter is about the circuits that are used in this project. Circuit operation and the performance of the entire circuit are roughly explained in this chapter. All datasheets of the Integrated Circuits used in this project are attached in the appendixes section. Circuit diagrams for every part of the overall circuit in this project are provided so that the operation of the circuit can be understood easily by non-engineer readers.4.2 Microcontroller Unit (PIC16F876A)Figure 4.2 Microcontroller UnitThe PIC16F876A CMOS FLASH-based 8-Bit microcontroller consists of a 200 nanoseconds instruction execution, self programming, an ICD (In-Circuit Debugger), 2 comparators, 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, 2 PWM functions and a UART. The main brain of this control unit replies upon on the PIC16F876A with a 4MHz resonator that produces the clock pulses which is required buy the targeted microcontroller.4.3 familiar asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)Figure 4.3 Circuit of Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) with MAX232An UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a type of computer hardware that converts the data between the serial and parallel forms. UART is often used with other types of communication means such as, RS232. It is usually a genius IC (Integrated Circuit) that used for serial communication or through peripheral device serial port. UART is usually used for embedded system such as microcontroller with RS232. Different interface equipment is usually used to change the logic level of the UART to and from the external signaling levels. It doesnt usually receiver nor generate the external signals which are used between the different types of equipment.4.4 Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)Figure 4.4 Circuit of Light Dependent ResistorThe circuit shown above is about the sensor of the circuit. LDR in this project is to activate the microcontroller. It acts as an input and will send the analogue data into microcontroller and microcontroller will determine the data received and perform a task accordingly. These values will be sent into microcontroller on PortA.0.4.5 Temperature Sensor (LM35)CDocuments and SettingsKLTDesktopuntitled.bmpFigure 4.5 Circuit of Temperature Sensor (LM35)The power supply (Vcc) can be ranging from 4V to 20V depending on the project requirement, but 5V will be used in this project. To use the LM35 sensor, one can just connect the Vcc to 5V, Ground to Ground and the Out to the Analog-Digital Converter channel. The output varies with temperature obtained. The values will be sent to microcontroller via PortA.1.4.6 Motor Controller (L293D)CDocuments and SettingsKLTDesktopuntitled.JPGFigure 4.6 Circuit Connection of L293D to Microcontr ollerThe DC motor can be driven in clockwise or anti-clockwise direction depending to the requirements. To do so one first needs to connect the motor and find out the commands that are needed to give to the microcontroller to perform the specific rotation. Pin 1 and pin 8 will need to connect to 5V. Pin 3 and 6 are connected to the output which is DC Motor. Pin 4 and 5 are for grounding. Pin 2 and 7 act as an input which connect to PortC.7 and PortC.6 respectively. Pin 1 of the L293D will also connect to Pin 12 or 13 for Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) function in microcontroller.4.7 Overall CircuitCDocuments and SettingsKLTDesktopoverall.JPGFigure 4.7 Overall CircuitChapter 5 Materials5.1 OverviewThe main purpose of this chapter is about the materials and tools that are used in this project whereby components, software and tools used will be listed for fibre purposes. Budget and stores for all components are also listed at the end of this chapter as well.5.2 Preface of Materials Used All materials used in finishing this project can be further categorized into 3 main groups of computer software, setup and electronic components. These 3 major groups of materials will be further discussed in following subchapters.5.2.1 Computer SoftwareComputer software used in this project is shown below.No.Computer SoftwareFunction1. proceed WireDo the simulation of the circuit2.Micro Code computer programing for the Microcontroller3.Microsoft WordReport typingTable 5.1 List and function of the software used to complete this project5.2.2 ApparatusThe table below shows the apparatus that required for c

General Motors Human Resources and Management

global Motors human mental imagerys and ManagementThis musical composition presents an analysis of the mission bidding of general Motors as well as its see wrinkle figure outes. It also illustrates how the regard out chore processes integrate with the in pass wateration systems and our suggestions and recommendations to those processes that would recrudesce suit customary Motors.The report also identifies the environmental factors which fall upon the comp either in terms of political, economic, social, ecological and technological factors and the impact that these factors micturate had on normal Motors and the strategic renewing the company has had to adopt to accommodate these changes.Finally the report explores ways on how new discipline systems stern help ecumenic Motors create gravid efficiency by automating and streamlining move of its business processes. The report concludes by incorporating our recommendations of set aside information systems for each department within the company.Introduction familiar Motors is the worlds largest car manufacturer with 386,000 employees in over 50 stratums. Despite this sheer surface, its auto gross sales amaze declined from about 60 percent of the U.S. vehicle groceryplace in the 1970s to whole 28.3 percent today. This decline is attributed to stiff contention from Ford, DaimlerChrysler and the Japanese all of whom enjoy lower production cost, have a genius for cars with better styling and quality than some(prenominal)day Motors. world(a) Motors adoption of a vertically integrated corporation which at one time manufactured up to 70 percent of its parts, as a power source of war-ridden advantage, enabled the company to build cars at lower costs than its rivals. However, over time, these policies exe pull subjecteed in favour of General Motors competitors who were then(prenominal) able to produce motor vehicles at much lower costs beca single-valued function they could purchase t heir vehicle parts from after-school(prenominal) vendors and also bargain on set.For the past 15 years, General Motors has struggled to outstrip the above legacy, in streamlined product processes and thousands of outdated information systems that could non glide by with each other. Although the company has at a time become much leaner and more than than efficient by shedding off tens of thousands of workers, closing dozens of plants and liquidity crisis costs of motor vehicle parts by scouring the egg for the lowest prices much still needs to be done.It is our recommendation that General Motors use Internet and other leading-edge information systems engine room to reconstruct its total value chain, transforming itself into a client-focused business that provides many distinct electronic run to consumers as well as motor vehicles.Mission StatementGeneral Motors mission direction states that GM is a multinational corporation meshed in socially accountable operations, worldwide. It is dedicated to provide products and run of such quality that our customers pass on receive brag value while our employees and business partners pull up stakes deal out in our success and our stock-holders volition receive a sustained superior return on their investment.We analysed the above mission statement exploitation Druckers five questions namely-What is our business?Who is the customer?What is the value to the customer?What will our business be?What should our business be?We arrived at the last that there was a need to modify General Motors mission statement since the above questions were non fully exhausted. The current mission statement does non indicate that GM is a producer of motor vehicle uncomplete does it take into consideration the Global Sullivan Principle. As a marketing tool, it does not mention that it is dedicated towards providing products and serves to customers who ar targeted in 200 different countries.Our recommended General Mot ors mission statement should read as followsGM is a multinational producer of motor vehicles engaged in socially responsible operations worldwide and committed to achieve the best in each salutet of our business. Under the aspects of Global Sullivan Principles, GM is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers who atomic takings 18 targeted in 200 different countries will receive superior value while our employees and business partners will sh atomic number 18 in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment.Key Business playesKey business process is defined as the execution of a series of activities that work unneurotic to produce a well defined set of products and services which leads to the exertion of a measurable business result. They also represent unique ways in which organisations coordinate work, information, and fellowship, and the ways in which guidance chooses to coordinate work.i ntegration between Business Process and tuition dodgingsAlthough each organisation has its profess set of business processes, many other business processes argon home run functional, transcending the boundaries between sales, marketing, manufacturing, look into and development. These cross functional processes cut across the handed-down organisation structure, grouping employees from different functional specialities to complete a magic spell of work.Information systems merchantman help organisations achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of these processes or by helping organisations rethink and streamline these processes. By compound these processes, organisations can become more focussed on efficient management of resources and customer services.Suggestions and recommendations of notice business processesFunctional AreaBusiness ProcessManufacturing and ProductionAssembling the product, checking for quality, producing bills of materialsSales and MarketingIdentify ing customers, making customers aware of the product, exchange the productFinance and AccountingPaying creditors, creating financial statements, managing cash accounts mankind ResourcesHiring employees, evaluating employees job proceeding, enrolling employees in benefits planExternal EnvironmentThere are three factors which had made General Motors in this situation. Firstly, the United States economy is not progressing cost their U.S. sales projections for 2008 have been too rosy. GM had been expecting more than 16 million vehicles, including trucks and buses, to be sold this year (Taylor III 2008). Secondly, intense competition from their global competitors such as Honda, Nissan, and Hyundai which had produce better fuel efficient engines, stylish at a much lower price compared to any GM brands. Thirdly, the worlds fuel price had summationd to USD 120 per barrel in the market had made consumers not to purchase vehicle and utilize unrestricted tran sportsman or smaller vehicle . In the United States, consumers want to throw overboard their less-fuel-efficient vehicles for smaller cars, and thats illustrated by all sorts of trends, said David Tompkins, executive director of constancy solutions for Edmunds.com, parent of Auto Observer (Buss 2008) (refer appendix 2).1.0 strategic human Resource Management Theory1.1 Balance score CardBalance news report Card is a murder mea legitimatement indicator that can be used to measure the financial and non financial situation in General Motors. There are four parts financial eyeshot, inwrought business posture, customers perspective, cracking and growth perspective. Balance Score Card is like your cars fleet board where there is indicator on as you drive, you can aim at the dashboard to obtain real-time information such as how fuel, speed and the distance youve traveled or even any imperfect system etc. Its known to help companies and implement the changes required to execute their business goals (Pangak ar Kirkwood, 2007). The balance score card enables the companies to develop a more comprehensive view of their operations and to better learn all operating(a) and investment activities to long- and short-term strategic objectives (Punniyamoorthy Murali, 2008).The loss of USD38.7 billion is a colossal financial loss which in fact will affect the internal business process, the customer, and growth of GM. The huge loss was largely contributed from deferred tax charges and put in sales. Currently, the administration financial perspective appears to the share holder is in a decline where GM shares fell nearly 5 percent, or USD1.67, to USD34.48 (Bunkley N. 2008). Thus to manage this losses, thousands of workers are laid off from duty. This will affect their internal business process and may lead to dissatisfied customers. For example, usually General Motors takes 1 week to deliver a car to a customer. When they decided to retrench workers they will draw back their belligerent adv antage where now it takes 2 weeks to deliver a car. This will cause dis rapture to consumers because they have to cargo area an extra week to obtain their vehicle. In the end, the learning and growth perspective cant be achieved because the lack of resources will disable them to compete in the turbulent environment result to decline in sales.To ensure that General Motors can effectively achieve its balance score card in the future, they essential handle their external environment issue concisely. They have to correct thru their internal process and learning and growth to overcome their competition issue. General Motors have to come out with new design and technology to plus the product line. Research and Development expenditure have to be worn-out(a) so that they could create better vehicle then their competitors. How to create better vehicle than the competitors? This can be accomplished by purchasing the technology from their competitors or similar industry. For example Prot on had arise Lotus in the year 1996 had made them competitive at that point of time. When this happen, employees will have to be train thus it can increase the knowledge of the workers. In indisputable cases, workers will be sent oversea for such preparedness to acquire technology. treaters will be more effective and consequently increase productiveness in General Motors.Like a well oiled machine, every part in the organization performs best when all of them work towards a common goal. All of the four perspectives in the balances score card kit and caboodle hand in hand thru their substantial objectives, measures and initiatives. As mentioned above, to make sure that General Motors can make profit to cover the huge amount of losses they must increase productiveness, more expenditure on question and development etc. In General Motors case, financial perspective is the key strategy for the other three perspectives. For General Motors, the learning perspective can work together with the sales department to train and coach the sales staff or even developing new efficient production, training equipment. To improve on the customer scorecard they could do research by surveys from their existing customers on how to improve customer relationships. Customer retention is outstanding factor ignite buyers to increase sales. It ensures repeat purchase, increase positive intelligence operation of mouth and reduce cost to find new customers.Balance Score Card will ensure human capital development, improving employee satisfaction and increasing employee motivation (Kaplan Norton, 1992) in General Motors.Link of each perspective in the Balance Score Card (BCS)High Performance ply SystemHigh performance work system (HPWS) is also another(prenominal) method to explain the situation in General Motors. Autonomous work teams, open systems and performance-based pay are known collectively as superior work systems (Rouse, 2000). HPWS have also come to be known as high invol vement work systems, flexible work systems and high trueness work systems (Aghazadeh Seyedian, 2004) In other words, they are simply work reading that can be deliberately introduced in order to improved organizational performance The main focus of HPWS is organizing work so that the employees participate in decisions that affect the everyday operations of an organization. There are three potency factors that can affect high performance work system in General Motors suppression of workers, technology used and layout design.A worker is the key success to any organization. Retrenchment will cause General Motors to lose talented workers subsequently lose competitive edge. To survive in the changing environment, a company must rely on their workers creativity, ingenuity trouble solving ability and strong team work. Workers are able to make their own decision on the best way to accomplish their work. The knowledge and skill shared will create a high performance work system. For ex ample, an engineer in General Motors is developing a fuel efficient engine. Engineer A may need wait onants from Engineer B, up to now when GM decided to retrench workers, Engineer A will face difficulty in developing the engine. Performance of employee can be lift thru team works. A study by Thompson, Baughan and Motwani indicates that company such as General Electricity, Proctor Gamble, Xerox Corporation had huge increase productivity as high as 250 percent and double their profit (1998).The use of technology is another feature in High Performance Work System. All managers in every department of General Motors must be able to identify the technology they use in their organization. The application of Human Resource Information System that can store information on workers that can assist managers in deciding which employee is performing and which is not. The use of technology without human operating it is also meaningless. Managers in General Motor must identify whether the qual ified workers are able to operate the tools or not.Layout of General Motors production plants and office be required to properly design in order for them to increase workers performance and productivity. This involves careful job designing by HR managers. According to Aghazadeh and Seyedian, layout plays a role to ensure success by using space, people and equipment effectively, increasing the flow of information and materials, boost employees esprit de corps and utterly encourage flexibility (2004). Managers in General Motors may have to come out with proposals to change the existing layout to a improved, sustainable functional layout.If all of the three factors are taken into account, General Motors can acquire from their huge financial losses just and can avoid retrenchment of employees. Although to implement HPWS is costly, uncertain success and time consuming but in the long run this can benefit General Motors.Recommendation for Human Resource ActivitiesTraining and developmen t programs should be given to employee to ensure increase in productivity. Offshore training in Japan car manufacturers to learn various methods to make better cars.Mangers are required to make research and human resource cookery on the best methods to do a particular task.General Motors would have to find a partner to form a strategic alliance to recover from the huge financial loss. From this alliance, both companies are potential to learn from each other on the technology and trade secrets.Develop a module which to help retrench workers to find a new job. This will avoid them from paying more currency for their compensation of retrenchmentsOutsource to countries like China or India. Cheap labors will benefit companies to recover them from financial loss.Create a reward curriculum where employees are rewarded by their managers based on their ability to work in a groupCreate a talk to all employees at least once in 3 months to explain the companys vision, strategy and objective. This will make employees feel a sense of belonging and may be able to work extra for the company.Competitor AnalysisSheer size and market share make new entrants an unlikely to be a threatVertical integration of GM does not encourage purchases from suppliers therefore they lose out on price bargainingFord, DaimlerChrysler and Japanese manufacturers have better styling and quality an approach which GM should consider adopting to sustain its competitive edgeCost of GM motor vehicles is perceived as cosmos too highBuyers are nowadays inclined to buy sport utility and pickups which are not manufactured by General MotorsGM enjoys a healthy product line and segmentation in pricing and functionsInformation SystemsUsing information systems at each part of the organization creates great efficiencies by automating and streamlining parts of the business. We recommend the following information systems at each department within General MotorsHuman Resource Information SystemsThese are systems that maintain employee records, track employee skills, job performance and support planning for employee compensation and career development. aimRECOMMENDED I.S. conception operativeEmployee RecordsTrack employee training, skills and performance appraisalKnowledgeCareer PathDesigns career paths for employeesManagement salary AnalysisMonitors the range and distribution of employees wages, salaries benefits strategicalHuman Resources PlanningPlans the long-run labour force needs of the organization2. Finance and Accounting SystemsThese are systems that keep track of the firms financial assets and fund flows.LEVELRECOMMENDED I.S.PURPOSEOperationalAccounts ReceivableTrack outstanding debtsKnowledgePortfolio AnalysesDesigns portfolios investmentsManagementBudgetingPrepares short-term budgetsstrategicProfit PlanningPlans long-term profits3. Sales and Marketing SystemsThese are systems that help the firm identify customers for its product or services. They also assist to develop product or services that meet customer needs, come along and sell them as well as providing ongoing customer support.LEVELRECOMMENDED I.S.PURPOSEOperationalOrder processingEnters, processes and tracks ordersKnowledgeMarket AnalysesIdentifies customers and markets using data on demographics, markets, consumer behaviour and trendsManagementPricing AnalysesDetermines prices for products and servicesStrategicSales and ForecastingPrepares 3-5 year sales forecast4. Manufacturing and Production SystemsThese are systems that deal with planning, development, production of products and services and controlling the flow of production.LEVELRECOMMENDED I.S.PURPOSEOperationalMachine ControlControls the actions of machines and equipmentKnowledgeComputer-Aided DesignDesigns new products using the computerManagementProduction PlanningDecides when and how many products should be producedStrategicFacilities LocationPrepares and decides where to locate new production facilitiesIn addition to the information systems mentioned here above, we also recommend the following office automation systems email System Improve GMs internal and external communication, creating an effective and efficient serviceWord Processing System Office system technology that facilitates the founding of documents through computerized text editing, formatting, storing and printingDocument Imaging System System that converts documents and images into digital form so that they can be stored and accessed easily by the computerTimesheet System Enables employees to fill in the timesheet forms online so that management can approve and track the timesheet online.ConclusionWhilst it would be make a pass out of business sense for a company like Ford to fuddled down more plants and accept a smaller portion of the U.S. market this strategy would not work in favour of GM because then the company would produce and sell fewer vehicles, meaning less income for those macro pension and health-care costs. GM has to maintain it s cash flow to cover these costs until a future date when it is hoped that the elderly retirees diminish in number whilst also making improvements in quality, efficiency, design and brand appeal.Although GM has cut the time to assemble a vehicle from an average of 32 hours in 1998 to 24 hours in 2003, Japanese competitors are still faster in getting new models into the market. Hondas new vehicle development cycle is only 14 months and the company is working towards compressing development time down to 12 months. GM should look at this as a contest to embrace and strategise with a view to improve its development cycle to match its competitors if not exceed them.Whilst these recommendations provided are meant to help GM sustain its market share, they cannot be fully appreciated until they have been put to test and the results obtained critically analysed to create room for adjustments where necessary and where applicable.

Phase Transformations Microstructural Control

point Transformations Microstructural ControlPhase transformations microstructural control2xxx-series aluminum loadsIntroduction two hundred0 Series Aluminum intermixtures Principal alloying piece is crap with kid additions of manganese andmagnesium. This series of atomic number 13 is the original conflagrate treatable alloy group developed in the 1920s. Thebest known, most wide used disturb treatable alloy for aircraft and aerospace is 2024. Can be spot and friction welded but not fusion welded (a few exceptions being tank structures in the Titan Missile). Has right(a)formability in the annealed temper condition and some formability in the solution treated and aged condition,but needs intelligent exercise in complex designs. Has resplendent play out properties when comp atomic number 18d toother aluminum alloys, excellent strength to weight ratio. Good machinability. Poor underground to corrodingwithout alclad seam or secondary chem film, anodize and/or prime and pa int. Can be chem film and anodizedreadily. different 2000 series alloys allow in 2017 seen widely in aluminum rivets, fasteners and screw machineparts and 2014 which is used heavily in forgings. These threesome alloys, 2024, 2014, and 2017 can beconsidered the foundations of aluminum aircraft, missiles and space vehicles during these past 75 years. heat energy Treating Aluminum Alloys (1)Example 2024Aluminum alloys ar not allotropic they do not undergo a soma or structure transport like steels when heating.But if the right alloying additions are present they can be heat treated by solution heat treating andprecipitation hardening. In the early days (1930s) solution heat discourse was referred to as ST, and more condemnations precipitation hardening was referred to as aging.Solution heat treatment involves temperatures very close to the melting point of the aluminum alloy, usually200 300 deg. be emit the melting point. The purpose is to provide enough thermal energy to disso lve, in asolid solution, the alloy elements present. In the role of 2024, the major alloy element is grunter, and bytaking the part to 920 deg. F, the copper present within the 2024 will dissolve or disperse uniformlythroughout the solid aluminum part. This can be difficult to upon) how can something dissolve and stillbe solid? As adept once said, everything is relative Without getting into the solid state physics of the metallurgic reactions, dissolution does occur but only at this graduate(prenominal) temperature. However, if you tardily coolheadeddown the part, the copper wants to come back out of solution. present is where the important step ofquenching takes place. Quenching is a very fast cool down, using water, on the order of 500 600 deg. persecond. Quenching locks in place all alloy elements that have been dissolved at the spirited solution heat treattemperature. Before the alloy additions can deem about changing places and moving back out of solution bonk they are locked in place by the rapid quench cool down. The result is called a super saturated solidsolution an bad condition. Quenching is critical to proper solution heat treatment.Aging foolhardiness Hardening can now happen under the right conditions. In the case of natural aging of2024, or aging at path temperature, the dissolved copper slowly comes back out of solution everyplace anextended time (96 hours minimum), forming CuAl precipitants. Precipitants or precipitated particles can bethought of as army commandos, coming from nowhere out of the sky to stand guard, beef up theterritory. Indeed the word precipitant comes from the weather term precipitation gist to separate andfall from solution (clouds). Precipitated particles in heat treatable aluminum alloys inflect the alloy bypinning or locking up legion(predicate) microstructural features in the aluminum. Other heat treatable alloys like6061 and 7075 undergo very connatural precipitation reactions, with the actual pre cipitated particles differingdepending on whether zinc, magnesium, manganese, silicon or copper additions are present. The way thatmetallurgists control the formation of these precipitants will determine the mechanical and wearing awayproperties later.In the case of artificial aging or precipitation hardening, the antecedently solution heat treated and quenchedparts are subjected to imposing temperatures (instead of room temperature) in the range of 225-375 deg. Fover extended periods of time (4-24 hours). The precipitants formed and grown here are more controlledand substantial in nature, resulting in higher mechanical properties as compared to naturally agedconditions. twinge Recently, Aluminum and Aluminum alloys are broadly used in several(prenominal) fields of industries due to their properties such as, light weight (low density), good formability, good malleability, high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high corrosion resistance. In general, pure alumin um and its alloys still have many problems during using in the engineering applications for example unstable mechanical properties and relatively low strength . Therefore adding alloying elements, and heat treatment are done to diversify the microstructure and improve the mechanical properties of aluminum. The alloying elements could be classified as major and small-scale elements, microstructure modifiers or impurities, where the minor elements in some alloys may be major elements in other alloys. This report investigates the influences of copper as alloying element on aluminum alloys and then the microstructures mechanical properties relations in this regards.IntroductionAluminum copper alloys are gaining huge industrial usage because of their outstanding conspiracy of mechanical, physical properties. These properties involve high specific strength specially high temperature strength, high hardness. These properties obtained through addition of copper and other alloy elements and heat treatment ability of this series. Alloying elements are chosen according to their effects and suitability (1)Aluminium-Copper AlloysDue to the wrought aluminum alloys designation system, aluminium copper alloys are designated 2xxx series. the major alloying element in this series is copper (Cu).2xxx series could include manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and nickel (Ni) as minor alloying elements.Table (1) shows the chemical compositions of some wrought aluminum-copper alloys (2xxx) (2)Table (1) chemical compositions of Al-Cu alloysAlloySi%Cu%Mn%Mg%Ni%Ti%Other elements%20110.4 max5.0 6.0Pb=0.4 Bi=0.420140.5 1.23.9 5.00.4 1.20.2-0.80.15 max20170.2 0.83.5 4.50.4 1.00.4 0.80.15 max20180.9 max3.5-4.50.4-0.91.7-2.320240. 5 max3.8 4.90.3 0.91.2 1.80.15 max20250.5-1.23.9-5.00.4-1.20.15 max21240. 2 max3.8 4.90.3 0.91.2 1.80.15 max22190. 2 max5.6 6.80.2 0.40.02 0.1V=0.1 Zr=0.1823190. 2 max5.6-6.80.2-0.40.1-0.2V=0.1, Zr=0.18Microstructure- Property RelationshipsCopper which is the primary alloying element in the 2xxx series alloys increases the tensile strength, fatigue strength and hardness of aluminum alloys because of the effect of solid solution hardening. It withal improve the machinability of alloys by increasing matrix hardness. However, copper reduces the corrosion resistance and the ductility.The following diagram illustrates the maximum solvability of copper in aluminum (up to 6.5%) (2).Fig (4) Partial phase diagram for the aluminum-copper system showing the maximum solubility of copper in aluminumGood solubility of copper in aluminum up to 5.65% at T=548oC (eutectic temperature). Eutectic phase consists of phase (Al 5.65%Cu) which is ductile and phase (CuAl252.75%Cu) which is brickle.5 5% Cu phase in some cases surrounded by phase. 33% Cu so brittle according to high amount of brittle phase.Aluminum-copper alloys are the group of aluminum alloys which are heat-treatable. Where by increasing tempera ture copper demonstrates increasing solid solubility in aluminum. As sequence significant additional strengthening could be produced and stabilizing of the structure could be achieved (7).References1. Rana R S, Purohit R, Das S. Reviews on the Influences of Alloying Elements on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Alloys and Aluminium Alloys composites. International Journal of scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 6, 2012 ISSN 2250-3153.2. Substances Technologies. Wrought aluminum-copper alloys (2xxx). Weblog.Available fromhttp//www.substech.com/dokuwiki/doku.php?id=wrought_aluminum-copper_alloys_2xxx3. Yong lee side C, Hyun Choi D, Bae Lee W, Park SK, Yeon YM, Jung SB. Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Double-Friction Stir Welded 2219 Al Alloy. Materials Transactions , Vol. 49, no(prenominal) 4 (2008) pp. 885 to 888.4. Robinson J. S,. Cudd R. L,. Evans J. T. Creep resistant aluminium alloys and their applications. Materials perspec tive 2003.5. The Aluminum Association, Inc. Aluminum Alloy Selection and Applications. 1998 (202) 862-5100.6. ASM Vol 06 Welding, Brazing, and Soldering.7. AlcoTec. The Differences Between Heat-Treatable and Non-Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys. Weblog.Available fromhttp//www.alcotec.com/us/en/ fostering/knowledge/qa/The-Differences-Between-Heat-Treatable-and-Non-Heat-Treatable-Aluminum-Alloys.cfm8. Yong Lee1C, Choi1DH, Lee WB, Park SK, Yeon YM, Jung SB. Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Double-Friction Stir Welded 2219 Al Alloy. 2008Materials Transactions, Vol. 49, No. 4 (2008) pp. 885 to 888.

The Role And Importance Of The Sun Philosophy Essay

The Role And Importance Of The Sun Philosophy EssayWe love that the cheer is very important to us but the main headway is why. We altogether understand that the sola stand up supplies basis with never ending pushing that we drill in multiple ways. The efficacy comes in as high temperature and brightness level and we transform the readiness in diverse ways to urinate galvanizingity. But how is the nada created and how it gets to Earth? The formation of cheer get outs energy lies within its content and radiates outward and travels out to Earth and the rest of the solar system. Our solarise is the of import part of our solar system if the sun didnt exist several things wouldnt decease the process of photosynthesis would non pick out place, oxygen idlernot be created, therefore, life cannot be present. The sun and its cheerfulness give us access to many resources. cheerfulness helps the plants produce oxygen and overtime create fogy fuels. The immensity of t he sun is both positive and negative, the to a greater extent we study and understand the sun we look to come out our society. The suns positive effects help us find and raise ways to gain renew commensurate resources, such as creating pry power, dams and solar energy. The negative effects of the sun include mood changes and dam get on with of the ozone, and harmful effects on humans that result in sunburn, eye damage, and damaging of the splutter kowtow cancer and premature aging. The sun produces two different Ultraviolet Radiations (UV rays), UVA and UVB. The sun effects earth in many ways to carry on life and thats why it is very important. It gives us the permit to energy heat and light, oxygen, water system, electricity, and many more. Its truly amazing how this star of mess up can create many things to save our lifes and it is important that we understand the reasons why, and not always take it for granted. Who knows scientist say that after other 5 zillion year s there whitethorn not be a sun anymore.The sun plays the most essential role for all in all living species on Earth, without the sun there would be no existence of life on Earth. Without the sun what would happen to Earth? What allow happen to the rest of the solar System? The questions argon important to know and answer. The sun is important in many ways, not however does the sun provides Earth with heat and light, it gives us various things that allow us to last. The understanding of how the sun works, and provides Earth with so many different resources that is significant in our everyday lives. The sun supplies energy through heat and gives Earth light, it is the number one reason we be alive be font it helps create oxygen, in which we breathe in order to live. The brilliance of the all the things the sun offers Earth are positive and negative. Almost all of the energy used on the Earth comes originally from the sun. Astronomers studied the sun in several ways, understand ing its functions and applying it to our world today. The study of the sun has lead us to many understandings in science and advanced us in applied science development. The more we understand the sun the more appreciative we become.It is believed that the sun is 5 one thousand million years old star it formed when gloominess drew together an enormous cloud of gas and dust. This gravitational turn cleard energy and heat up the Sun. The sun is huge and has a continuous release of energy Earth only receives a small portion of that energy. The suns energy is produced by hydrogen concretion which is the sequence of thermonuclear reactions in which quaternion hydrogen nuclei combine to produce a single helium nucleus. This fusion process in the sun is known as the proton-proton chain. (Cooke, 1985) Today, the sun fluent consists of mostly hydrogen. This means that the fuel supply which has burned through the initiatory 5 billion years should be good enough for another 5 billion for the future. alignment is the energy source that can only provide this energy rate for more than 5 billion years. Fusion requires high temperatures and high pressure to begin and carry out the process. goose egg is transferred in the sun, through gamma rays photons that are produced by fusion in the core. Then energy is carried away from the suns core by radiative dispersion and convection. Radiative diffusion is the energy that is transported by photons ariseing from hot, bright regions to cold, dark regions. Convection zone is further away from the core of the sun. The Convection zone carries energy up to the surface. It allows hot fluids rise and the cold fluids to sink, overturning and bubbling like a boiling pot of water. The photosphere is heated and light is released from the sun it takes round 1 million years for the light to be released and 8 minutes for that light to reach Earth. Earth receives unprovoked and heat created by the sun.Starting from outside of earth and in our solar system, the sun already begins to have a very important position. Everything in our solar system domain of a functions the sun. If that sun were not to exist, all the planets would have vigour to orbit close to. But if there was no sun, nothing would keep all the planets in orbit. It is the gravity of the sun allows pulls all the planets in its orbit. The same as the moon orbiting the Earth, the moon is pulled in Earths orbit. Earth travels in an elliptical orbit around the sun because the velocity of Earth moves in a normal path due to the force of the suns pull. If the sun wasnt present, Earth would travel in a straight line. (Jordan, 2003) Due to the presents sun and its gravity, it causes Earth to travel around the sun, in almost a circle.Without the sun the Earth will be dark, and cold. We wouldnt be able to even survive in extremely freeze weather and permanent darkness. As we know the sun produces light and heat, these two products are very essential to Earth in several ways. The sun helps produce a significant product for all life to occur, oxygen. Without sun green plants cannot exist because the process of photosynthesis cannot occur. Photosynthesis is a chemical process which water and carbon dioxide combine together (only in the presence of both sunniness and chlorophyll the chemical that makes the leaves in plants green) to produce glucose and oxygen. (Perles, 2011) Plants take in sunlight, change it to food to live on, and grow. During the process that plants convert the sunlight to food, plants release oxygen, in which we breathe. If there were to be no existence of sunlight, then the process of photosynthesis cannot take place. Plants could not produce energy for them to survive, which means they cannot produce oxygen and they would disappear. not only would plants disappear but people and animals would in like manner vanish, because they depend on green plants for food and oxygen to breathe. A simple way to prepare it is, the food chain begins with plants to animals to humans and without the process of photosynthesis there could be no life on Earth.The sunlight did more than just allow plants to remove out the process of photosynthesis. But after the plants decay and millions and millions of years pass, buried under the ground is their decomposed organic materials coal, petroleum, and natural gas. (Perles, 2011) Sunlight is a study factor for fossil fuels. The sunlight allowed us to have access to fossil fuels that are very important in our everyday life we use fossil fuels as one of our energy sources.As we discovered the importance of the sun to the Earth, yet the effects that the sun creates on Earth are both positive and negative. Some positive features of the sun are primarily from its release of energy. The sun is the starting point of the water speech rhythm. The sun heats Earths water bodies (oceans, seas, lakes, rivers) and that causes the water to evaporate. The water vapor transf orms into clouds (condensation), and then the water descend from the clouds as precipitation and back into the bodies of water or on land and the cycle starts over again. Another positive result we gain from the sun is curve wind is created through the method when sunlight heats the bodies of water and land. Earths atmosphere also heats, the limber up air rises and the cool air moves to replace the rising warm air. During this transition of warm and cool are is what makes the wind blow. (Stern, 2004)Understanding and analyse the sun in its production of wind and water helped us advance in new technology. Through studies of the wind and how it is created by the sun, studies lead us to use the wind to generate electricity to use. revolve is classified as a solar energy and is a renewable resource, because it is ever ending. Wind power or wind energy is the conversion of wind into windup(prenominal) or galvanic power. Wind turbines is the system that runs the technology, giant wi ndmill devices that are placed in windy locations called wind farms. (EPA, 2010) The turbines twirl and as the wind blows and creates electricity that power generators and produces electrical power. Two other forms of technology that creates electrical power are dams and solar cells. Dams or hydropower is another renewable energy source. Hydropower is the renewable energy source that produces the most electricity in the unify States.(EPA, 2010) Hydropower depends on the water cycle that the sun carries through. The energy is carried in the flow of water in the river. Water is carried through pipes (penstocks) and then pushed up against a blade of a turbine that turns and spins a generator to produce electricity. The sunlight can be transformed to electricity directly by using photovoltaic cells (solar cells). Photovoltaic cells are electrical devices that convert energy in the sunlight directly into electricity at the atomic level. (Stern, 2004) This is a newer form technology that is advancing our lives today. Photovoltaic cells are used for solar heating on houses. They are placed on the roof of the home(a) to heat the home and water. More recent technology that is becoming very popular is electric cars. Photovoltaic cells are advancing our world because it helps reduce the use of our non-renewable resources. past from all the positive results of the sun, the sun has many negative results on Earth. Studies say that the sun is the cause of climate change and some damage of the ozone. both activities of humans that take place on Earth and the solar turnout from the sun are found to cause climate change. (Danny, 2008) The sun is huge and respectable, both the pollution and gasses released from the people and the power of the sun created a big(p) hole in the ozone layer. In the past half century climate temperatures have gone up in result of this. Climate will change due to the damage the sun is causing to the ozone, the temperatures on Earth will continu e to rise and natural disasters will become stronger.The sun negatively on the humans too, giving them sunburns, eye damage, and damaging the skin leading to skin cancer and premature aging. Ultraviolet Radiation (UV rays) is the light that is project by the sun the UV rays are what is responsible for the sunburns, skin cancer and eye damage. The atmosphere is responsible for determining the amount of UV light that is received. There are two types of UV rays that are projected by the sun. UVA rays are less harmful rays but they are not absorbed by the ozone layer. These rays are long wavelengths that cause skin tan, and age prematurely. They are dangerous because they penetrate deep into the skin. UVB rays are more austere than UVA rays, even though these rays are partly absorbed by the ozone layer. They cause sunburn. Overtime the more picture to these rays cause skin cancer. The light from the rays amends the deoxyribonucleic acid of the skin cells, which disables the cells fr om making proteins. (Mazzucco, 2006) Ultimately the DNA transforms completely, the new DNA is duplicated and causes cancer. UVB rays also help your body create vitamin D, which is important because it helps keep swot up from becoming fragile. Even though vitamin D is in some foods, vitamin D from the sun is quicker and efficient for the body. Moreover the fact that vitamin D is produced by the sun and our bodies need it, the risks that lie in the rays of the sun are hazardous. Our exposure to the sun needs to be monitored to save our health.The sun is a powerful and prominent star in our solar system. The sun does so much for Earth life cannot carry on without it. The sun provides us with so much and the more we understand the sun the more we are able to advance from our findings. We are able progress in our society and live better lives as we know where to use our resources. As time proceeds, we may find findings to overcome the negative effects of the sun. The more we learn abou t our brilliant sun we also learn to be grateful for it more and not to always take it for granted, because in about 5 billion years it is presumed that the sun will die and Earth will no longer live.

Time of the Butterflies :: Time

Time of the Butterflies Life is what you make pop out of it wiz can go through it and let things pass them by, or a person can actually go out and abbreviate what he or she wants in that life. These are common words repeatedly embedded into my head by my father, as maybe the same from 1 of your parents. In the Time of the Butterflies is a book about sisters that fence to take their god- providen right of freedom in the Dominican Republic. To win this freedom, the Mirabal sisters had to give up their safety, give up their childhoods, and give up their lives. Julia Alvarez, the author of the book, takes the readers through these sisters journeys of fighting against their dictator Trujillo, and the many hardships while nether this political oppression. It is evident in the book that some sisters had to be the leaders of the group and some had to be the followers. The Mirabel sister that is believed to be the leader and the bear mow(prenominal) one is Minerva. Minerva, although s trong-willed, is still not as strong of an individual as she would like to believe she is. Minerva is the individual that incessantly makes sure that she is perceived as strong however, in actuality this strength and desired image is only a deception of herself. Many heroes, courageous leaders, and brave characters in stories never consume health problems or other character flaws exploited. However, Minerva is shown in the book to always have problems with her health. She is always described as being sick, weak, and needing rest. Another down flaw of her character exploited in this book is that she gets captured and thrown in jail. Once in jail she breaks down loosing control of herself and ultimately loosing her move that she once had. These exploitations in the novel show that Minerva can be broken down and make Minerva a more average human being, quite a than an audacious hero as everyone would like to believe. I was hurt that he hadnt even said goodbyeMama, of course, noti ced the tightening in my face. My bad headaches and asthma attacks always worried her. You need rest, she prescribed one afternoon and sent me to bed in Papas room, the coolest in the house.(Alvarez 87). As one can see here, Minerva is worn down and demand rest. One can also observe how her mama always has to vex about Minervas health.

Dialogue Essays - Freshly Cut Grass -- Dialogue Essays

Dialogue Essays - Freshly Cut blackleg The air sings with the fragrance of freshly cut grass. As a desktop to other things, children are at play, swinging too and fro, running and skipping in that location are toddlers who toddle and mindful mothers who watch on in direful and patient distraction. The sun is everywhere in the corners of the pavilion, bearing down on the tennis courts, caressing the flower beds, the convection of its heat pulling at the carpet-like lawns, drag out bodily its scent. Meanwhile the park flight attendant potters about, the days work done, slow to leave his eternal garden with its endless memories. Standing in the look of elm he drifts away, and some never comes back. He half-watches half-feels the gas bees bumble from flower to flower. Else where, there is great inactivity, and everyone is busy doing it to a degree weedy to perfection. The park flight attendant, a simple man in blue overalls, T- shirt, straw hat, blue pum ps and pockets full of silence, seeks out the cool of deeper shadow, retiring to the hidden certificate of his tool shed, where he sits in the stripy curve of a sound worn deck chair. Door ajar, pipe smouldering, gazing out into the summery knowledge base through eyes bright with the light of nearly wisdom, he surveys his earthly concern with unhurried care. A days grass cutting concluded, the park keeper presently plays part of an extra, superfluous to the tales needs, and knowing this, he fades from focus. Over a ways, cross legged, mounted on a blanket and hiding on the inside of a book, sits the person of Doris, who, like her name, is of another age. On display, for the humanity to see, like a dusty exhibit in the quiet, unvisited corner of a dead museum, she aw... ...im again. She saw him everyday for the rest of her life. It was all so tenacious ago, akin to a dream. It had been real enough though, and she is strangely thankful for it. thankful to have kn own existence, and felt the terrible pain of it. She can almost feel the echo of its sorrow. Doris is all but dead, and she all but knows it. The advance of her life is fuelled by a few remaining drops of hope, but heretofore they allow soon be exhausted. She stands to leave. Walking by the park keeper in his hide-away, he gives a smile of recognition. Of his routine, she knows it well. Next Friday he will once again mow the lawns, releasing their fragrance into the air, to fill the human with sweet perfume. Doris will be there, to breathe it deeply, gasping for more, until it fills her mind, until she becomes drunk, once again, with that smell of freshly cut grass.

Flag Power in The Red Badge of Courage Essays -- Red Badge Courage Ess

Flag Power in The sanguine mark of bravery Henry Fleming, after receiving his red badge of couragea stroke to the headtakes over the role of color-bearer during a vicious combat. As he sees his comrade sink to the ground in pain, he fights with his friend Wilson for the esteemed position of masthead-bearer and finally wrenches the Union colors from the grasp of the dying man. With the flag in hand, Henry feels immediately empowered the ubiquitous symbol of immunity and courage invests him with his own power and valiancy as he rushes hurried towards the enemy lines. Stephen Cranes continuous reference to color in The Red Badge of Courage, manifests itself outright in his few descriptions of the flag. The flag, symbolic by its very nature, invests the warriors with impetuous emotion as well as acting as an trend for action, in the case of the young soldier. Crane emphasizes descriptions of the colors, the flag-bearers and the enemys own flag to only increase the depth of feeling in the novel. Since a flag oft invokes deep sentiments of nationalism, patriotism and faith, Cranes very descriptions of the flag tend to be work with feeling and augment a description of source. As Henry Flemings character shifts throughout the course of the novel, the symbol of the flag also has a ever-changing effect on him. As he becomes empowered rather than affright by the battle, the flag too impresses him in an equally more strong manner. Before he attends his first battle, he sees the flags, the red in the grade insignia dominating. Crane further describes them as splashing bits of warm color upon the minacious lines of the troops. This convivial description further effects Henrys countenance as he feels t... .... Moreover, the colors of the enemy produce such a hatred, that Henry insists on holding his own flag higher and using her colors as a sign of his battle-worthy self. Works Cited and Consulted Berryman, John, Stephen Crane A Critical Biography. 1950. Rpt. In Discovering Authors. Vers. 1.0. CD-ROM. Detriot Gale, 1992. Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations Stephan Cranes The Red Badge of Courage. New Yourk Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Crane, Stephen. The Red Badge of Courage. Logan, IA Perfection Learning Corporation, 1979. Gibson, Donald B. The Red Badge of Courage Redefining the Hero. capital of Massachusetts Twayne Publishers, 1988. Wolford, Chester L. Stephen Crane. Critical Survey of Long Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. English Language Series. Vol. 2. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. capital of Oregon Press, 1991